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Based on the available published literature, including meta-analyses and large population-based studies, there does appear to be an association between dietary fibre intake and both risk and mortality from CVD (including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease). National Library of Medicine The present review first discusses the two main propionate-production pathways and provides an extended gene-based list of microorganisms with the potential to produce propionate. 3. It is little wonder that patients and many healthcare professionals are confused about the optimal diet to follow and advocate. However, a few fruits and vegetables can be counted among the top 5. [PDF] The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre | Semantic Scholar the health benets of dietary bre. Burkitt D.P., Trowell H.C. Dietary fibre and western diseases. However, in this context, it is remarkable and surprising that it is mainly the consumption of insoluble cereal dietary fibre and whole grains (and not soluble fibre) that associate consistently with a reduced risk for the development of T2D in large prospective cohort studies [15,42,43]. Systematic review: Dietary fibre and FODMAP-restricted diet in the management of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Den Besten G., van Eunen K., Groen A.K., Venema K., Reijngoud D.-J., Bakker B.M. Kim Y., Je Y. Dietary fibre intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all cancers: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. In addition to an effective education program on the health benefits of a high fibre diet, we need to develop imaginative strategies to encourage us to eat more fibre. DIETARY FIBER SUMMARY The article looks at the effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. The findings suggest that the health benefits of dietary fiber depend on the fiber type, the amount, and the individual. The search terms were as follows: dietary fibre and metabolic health. The fact is that over decades, a blink of an eye in hominid history, we have gradually migrated into our current environments, lifestyles and culture, and it is very hard for most of us to imagine an alternate scenario. Dietary fibre in Europe: Current state of knowledge on definitions, sources, recommendations, intakes and relationships to health. Song Y., Liu M., Yang F.G., Cui L.H., Lu X.Y., Chen C. Dietary fibre and the risk of colorectal cancer: A caseControl study. Research consistently supports the idea that a healthy, balanced diet benefits our mood and mental health. J Am Diet Assoc. Metabolic effects of diets differing in glycaemic index depend on age and endogenous glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide in mice. Our gut plays a crucial role in preventing diseases. There are many studies that suggest that fiber intake reduces the risk of chronic diseases ( 1, 2 ). One problem with highly processed foods is that their fibre content tends to be lower than meals prepared from raw ingredients. Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and systematic review. EFSA provide a long list of substances that constitute dietary fibre, including non-starch polysaccharides, cellulose, pectins, hydrocolloids, fructo-oligosaccharides and resistant starch [14]. Accordingly, our genetic make-up is maladapted to our modern-day environs and lifestyles. Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation. Furthermore, there may be important advantages for intake of non-soluble and less fermentable fibres (as we used in our reported studies [36]), including a relatively low cost and the versatility for addition of such non-soluble fibre in small quantities to many foods. and A.F.H.P. An official website of the United States government. Gut dysbiosis underlies much of 21st century chronic ill health through effects on chronic inflammatory pathways and immune dysfunction, the latter resulting in atopy, food intolerances and autoimmune conditions. Weickert M.O. In addition to multi-morbidity, obesity also associates with premature mortality as evidenced by data from the Framingham Heart Study [3]. SCFAs may also cross the bloodbrain barrier and exert direct effects on hypothalamic regulation of metabolic pathways and appetite [63,64]. Gibson R., Eriksen R., Chambers E., Gao H., Aresu M., Heard A., Chan Q., Elliott P., Frost G. Intakes and Food Sources of Dietary Fibre and Their Associations with Measures of Body Composition and Inflammation in UK Adults: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. One obvious factor relates to the highly processed diets that many people adopt. Dietary fiber and health benefits: Microbiome may be the key Of 376 papers, 25 datasets were included in the analysis, which revealed a protective role of dietary fibre intake on risk of CRC, with a highly significant effect size of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.670.82) and a moderate level of statistical heterogeneity [79]. Perhaps at least in part stemming from the known associations of dietary fibre intake with a healthy gut microbiome, favourable body weight and overall metabolic health, dietary fibre intake also associates with a reduced risk for the development of cardiovascular disease and mortality. up to 2014; travel grant 2015). In this narrative review, we focus on dietary fibre, a macronutrient that has perhaps not received as much attention as its more attractive counterparts, fat and carbohydrates. The FODMAP-restricted diet also appeared to improve overall IBS symptoms [22]. Learn more Kabisch S., Meyer N.M.T., Honsek C., Gerbracht C., Dambeck U., Kemper M., Osterhoff M.A., Birkenfeld A.L., Arafat A.M., Hjorth M.F., et al. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Dietary fibre intake also correlates with mortality. Harcombe Z. Dietary fat guidelines have no evidence base: Where next for public health nutritional advice? To explore further the association of dietary fibre intake (in the form of pulse consumption) on body weight and composition, Kim and colleagues reported on a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomised controlled trials including 940 participants [26]. Broadly, there are two main types of dietary fibre: soluble and insoluble. Filling America's fiber intake gap: summary of a roundtable to probe realistic solutions with a focus on grain-based foods. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: Prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Sante). Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), one of the minor cereals, is known for several health benefits and some of the health benefits are attributed to its polyphenol and dietary fiber contents. Chambers E.S., Viardot A., Psichas A., Morrison D.J., Murphy K.G., Zac-Varghese S.E., MacDougall K., Preston T., Tedford C., Finlayson G.S., et al. Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuez JA, Martinez JA. However, most naturally available high-fibre foods contain variable amounts of both soluble and insoluble fibre [15]. Given the likely effects of dietary fibre on colonic microbiota diversity and production of SCFAs outlined above, and the known effects of butyrate in the mediation of inflammatory pathways, it is entirely plausible, and indeed likely, that dietary fibre does have at least some influence on inflammatory status both within the colon and systemically. Effect of Fibre Supplementation on Body Weight and Composition, Frequency of Eating and Dietary Choice in Overweight Individuals. Reynolds A.N., Akerman A.P., Mann J. Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Our objective was to explore the current medical literature on the health benefits of dietary fibre, with a focus on overall metabolic health but also on gut motility, gut microbiota, chronic inflammation, mental health, cardiovascular disease, colorectal carcinoma and mortality. 7 Foods That May Improve Your Mood - joinzoe.com Adding more fiber to your diet. Wong C., Harris P.J., Ferguson L.R. Weickert M.O. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, there are clear associations between dietary fibre intake and multiple pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for CRC. In support of a role for dietary fibre in influencing inflammatory pathways, Miller and colleagues reported a cross-sectional study on >140 overweight Hispanic and African-American adolescents [70]. To conclude, much evidence supports an important role for dietary fibre intake as a contributor to overall metabolic health, through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity. Accessibility For decades, much focus has rested with advice to adopt a low-fat diet [12] that, more recently, has shifted towards a low-carbohydrate diet [13] (with associated examples of sugar-tax and limitations on food advertising for children). Amongst the 84 participants who completed the dietary intervention, it was demonstrated that compared with the HP diet group, insulin sensitivity was significantly (25%) higher in the HCF group [36]. sure, respectively, of -6mmHg and-4mmHg for hypertensiveindividuals.Higherberintakesareassoci-ated with improved measures for body weight,visceral The gut microflora functions as an important mediator of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, including the regulation of appetite, metabolic processes and chronic inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, proof of the concept that a healthy diet improves depressive symptoms was provided in the SMILES trial, in which a modified Mediterranean diet (including nutrition counselling sessions) in adult patients with poor quality diets and major depressive disorders was shown to associate with improvements in depressive symptoms compared with the control group [74]. Since most people only consume about half that amount of fiber, try these suggestions to increase the fiber in your diet. FOIA Our own group published relevant evidence from an interventional trial using data from ProFiMet, the most highly-phenotyped cohort [36]. Online ahead of print. Dietary fibre intake associates with overall metabolic health (through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity) and a variety of other pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for colorectal carcinoma. HEALTH BENEFITS OF DIETARY FIBER Cardiovascular Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and hypertension, affect more than 80 million people and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Vidal J., Corcelles R., Jimenez A., Flores L., Lacy A.M. Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery for Obesity. Afzaal M, Saeed F, Islam F, Ateeq H, Asghar A, Shah YA, Ofoedu CE, Chacha JS. Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. All About Beans Nutrition, Health Benefits, Preparation and Use in The role of dietary fiber in the treatment or prevention of other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome is still under study. Based on current evidence, a protective role for dietary fibre on the development of CRC seems likely, although there is a need for more focused and prospectively designed RCTs to provide further evidence to support advocating a high fibre diet for prevention of CRC in the general population, particularly those with existing colonic adenomatous disease. Many studies have found that people on diets high in fibre have reduced risks of certain diseases such as cancers,coronary heart disease, obesity and possibly diabetes. All of these factors conspire to create much uncertainty regarding the optimal dietary needs for the individual. Our hominid ancestors and all of their ancient ancestors never ate ultra-processed foods. Perhaps an app that counts our daily intake of fibre and provides us with rewards on achieving our goals, or for a fibre counter incorporated into a fitness tracker (to be used alongside data on step count, which many of us seem to find motivating). Weickert M.O., Mohlig M., Koebnick C., Holst J.J., Namsolleck P., Ristow M., Osterhoff M., Rochlitz H., Rudovich N., Spranger J., et al. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. A further case-control study on the effects of dietary fibre on CRC in a Chinese population of >260 cases and >250 controls was reported by Song and colleagues [80]. Fiber is part of a healthy diet and can provide a range of health benefits. Such molecules may promote signalling via enterochromaffin cells, enteroendocrine cells and the mucosal immune system. Hamer H.M., Jonkers D.M., Bast A., Vanhoutvin S.A., Fischer M.A., Kodde A., Troost F.J., Venema K., Brummer R.J.M. Waters E., de Silva-Sanigorski A., Hall B.J., Brown T., Campbell K.J., Gao Y., Armstrong R., Prosser L., Summerbell C.D. Dietary fiber: Classification, chemical analyses, and food sources. Having explored the multiple and varied mechanisms whereby dietary fibre may confer its numerous health benefits (summarised in Table 1), including the important associations between dietary fibre intake and body weight and overall metabolic health, it is important to address the apparent disconnection between such benefits and the impoverishment of fibre consumption that typifies our modern-day Westernised diets. Effects of dietary fiber on human health - ScienceDirect , most naturally available high-fibre foods contain variable amounts of both soluble and insoluble [. Targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, Body Weight and... 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