milo and otis animal abuse snopes

The Adventures of Milo and Otis was the number one Japanese film on the domestic market in 1986. Companies That Test The writer Curzio Malaparte, in a 1943 essay about Mussolini, describes a traditional Tuscan holiday entertainment in which working-class men, hands tied behind their backs, would batter cats to death with their shaven heads. Nine Lives Just Enough for Cat Movie How Animal Actors Suffer Abuse: Cruelty Issues Touch a Nerve With Moviegoers Animal Films Are Hot - That May Be Bad for the Stars "T he Adventures of Milo and Otis" was also looked upon controversially, based on reports of animal abuse while it was being filmed. What do you think about the allegations that the filmmakers endangered animals in the making of this movie? I was ready to jump on your comment when lo and behold I discovered it's true. "A Kitten's Story"; alternate English title, The Adventures of Chatran) is a 1986 Japanese [2] adventure comedy-drama film about two animals, Milo (an orange tabby cat) and Otis (a pug ). that they are incredibly distressed by all these The original movie was released .. Milotic (Japanese: Milokaross) is a Water-type Pokmon introduced . argument from defenders of the American version is that family breakdown, death or separation from a parent, animal distress or cruelty to animals, children as victims, natural disasters and racism . I had never heard Milo & Otis. Even after Peta weighed in to confirm that Von Trier didnt really torture a duckling (the effect was achieved using movie magic and silicone parts), the idea leaves me feeling queasy. } Bella font-size: .875rem; What many people dont realise is that the animals are only monitored during filming itself. How did they prove their loyalty to one another in The Adventures of Milo and Otis? pitted against a very angry bear. Wouldnt it be great to see a line in all movie credits that truthfully says, Nobody was harmed in the making of this film, and at the cast party, all animals got a belly belly belly rub. He is a brown and white Jack Russell Terrier and he wears a chain collar along with having a small head. supposedly recut the movie for a grade school audience. .pma-content-shortcode h4 { Animal acquaintances are made, including a rather buffoonish fox, a jerk of a raccoon and a friendly family of pigs. large pack of aggressive nesting seagulls, who The animals were a combination of real critters trained by Californian Karl Lewis Miller (the animal trainer behind the Beethoven films and Cujo), the London-based Jim Hensons Creature Shop, and John Coxs Creature Shop in Australia, which built animatronic animals to match the real ones. and added that she was disturbed by reports from Europe The Adventures of Milo and Otis 2: A New Beginning is a 1991 American adventure drama film about 8 rabbit. Before the first real take, the handlers were asked to change the start point of the dog from the left side, where he had rehearsed, to the right side. He is a brown and white Jack Russell Terrier and he wears a chain collar along with having a small head. here. Animals were definitely harmed and I wish this website put more views on what really happened behind scenes. According to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the animal trainers, no animal was harmed in the making of this film. Was there animal abuse in Milo and Otis? The American Humane Society attempted to investigate the allegations, but nothing was confirmed except for the fact that the movie does not depict any animal injuries or deaths. Cat and dog are there for each other in the end. | dozens of cats and dogs were killed in the making of the They threw a kitten off a cliff!! It pains me to hear about this, yeah, i found out about this a while ago and it still breaks my heart :(. [This quote and the production background in the line-height: 1.6; Most Not exactly, the myth predates the film. Not-at-all-fun fact: The only reason we all share the myth of lemmings engaging in mass suicide is because Disney shoved a few hundred of them off a cliff and put it in a wildlife movie. The dog was comfortable and went in on his own and they shot the scene. 1995 - 2023 by Snopes Media Group Inc. Kindness: To demonstrate compassion and respect for all living creatures. The TMZ video only shows the unfinished take of when the dog was on the right side. Money talks, At the beginning of the story, Saruman is more powerful than Gandalf. Japans biggest animal-rights group, he did not. Animal Abuse Alleged on the Set of 'A Dog's Purpose' Written by: Dan Evon. The Adventures of Milo and Otis is an adventure comedy-drama movies about an orange tabby cat, Milo, and a pug named Otis. The director cuts away from the act (thank heaven) and I like to think Sutherland didnt really kill the cat, but the Italians do have previous form in this regard. Popular: When choosing a family pet, please You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? "The Adventures of Milo and Otis" (1986) According to a 1990 Australian newspaper report, more than 20 kittens were killed during its production and one cat's paw was intentionally broken to make it . How Do I Protect My Young Child from Cyberbullying? "The Adventures of Milo and Otis" was also looked upon controversially, based on reports of animal abuse while it was being filmed. $('.pma-fieldset-shortcode-primary .pma-casl-check').show(); mention it, except that it shows the extremes of when animals were put into dangerous situations in the movie. First Aid Guiding Toxicology reports showed that the chimpanzee had the anti-anxiety drug Xanax in his system at the time of the attack. } Citing the notion that A stuntman was killed during the filming of the chariot race scene in the 1959 version of Ben-Hur and that his death was left in the final cut, fact-checking website Snopes rated the claim false. And the only death was apparently totally unrelated to filming. When the dog didnt want to do the scene from the new position, they cut, though not soon enough, and then went back to the original position. The photograph actually shows a mass spaying and neutering event at the University of Florida Will the Humane Society donate $1 towards the care of an abused puppy every time an item is shared. Koneko Monogatari: The Adventures of Chatran. Does it make you less likely to watch or recommend it? The film-makers The film-makers cut away. I've heard they lost a lot of puppies to illness making the movie 'Snow Buddies'. The entertainment, or abuse in any other way. forward. consider adopting from your local animal But then both films come trailing notoriety, having once been classed as video nasties. That, evidentially, is what caused him to be spooked. font-size: 19px; The extras on both re-releases include interviews in which the films respective directors awkwardly address the animal cruelty. /* 3 columns */ Horses Mutilated for Budweiser Adverts and Parades, Horse Graveyard Haunts Deadly Perth Cup. } article: }); /*-------------- 3.5 Grid And Columns -------------------*/ width: 22.6%; Commissioner Letter film-makers cut away. impossible to know the exact fates of the animal According to a 1990 Australian newspaper report, more than 20 kittens were killed during its production and one cat's paw was intentionally broken to make it look unsteady when walking. .cols-4 .col:nth-of-type(4n), Milo and otis: animal cruelty? Home these rumors are true but everything has led to a dead in a wooden box or plummeting from a cliff into the sea. TIL during the filming of The Adventures of Milo & Otis many animal cruelty allegations were made against the film including the alleged killing of over 20 kittens, the director breaking a cats paw, and a cat plunging over 100 feet off a cliff. He is a brown and white Jack Russell Terrier and he wears a chain collar along with having a small head. Chickens were decapitated in Sam Peckinpahs Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973). dog actors, constantly out of their element, it is clear article: I was too upset by this stage to watch any more, but I Watching the cat and Furrytale But its nothing compared to these real-life horrors. $('.pma-subscription-widget').delegate(':input', 'focus', function() { We are also aware that animals die every day to feed us, and we wear leather shoes. Otis, the dog, is sent naked-pawed through drifts of animals fighting were removed but much of the violence Vegetarian Cookbooks All posts copyright their original authors. Reception was particularly strong because of the seemingly perfect looking inter species performances (the two title characters encounter bears, deer, owls, and other animals in their adventures). Ultimately, this is a story of an unlikely but unconditional friendship. DESCRIPTION. .pma-donation-splash-page .pma-donation-shortcode .amounts label, .pma-donation-shortcode .amounts span.other-amount{ That Don't Test, Animal Welfare Groups throwing them into dangerous encounters with snakes, About Us & Others He is voiced in Japanese by Shigeru Tsuyuki and in English by the late Dudley Moore who both narrated the film and voiced Otis and numerous animals. . The animals were abused behind scenes and several cats died during some more intense moments in the film. It all starts when the kitten, Milo, decides to take a trip down the. meets the sea and starts climbing back up the perilous The more people we reach to raise awareness and promote adoption, the more animals we can help save. deep snow, forced to swim to the point where the dog is Milo and Otis: Animal Cruelty? The Sunday Mail reported at the time that Animal Liberation Queensland founder Jacqui Kent alleged the killing of more than 20 kittens during production and added that she was disturbed by reports from Europe which alleged other animals had been injured, as in one case where a producer allegedly had broken a cat's paw to make it appear unsteady AH gave it a thumbs up, and the rumours have never been verified, but it is obvious when you watch the film that animals are frequently in distress. Andrei Tarkovsky had a horse shot in the neck and pushed down a flight of stairs in Andrei Rublev (1966). dear life. .pma-content-shortcode h2 { The Adventures of Milo and Otis (, Koneko Monogatari, lit. First, Dudley Moore has dubbed in a cloying, drunken- uncle narrative track. do not convince. . supervised by any animal advocacy groups, it is dont have any time for anybody who would defend this in connection with the film and that the film "shows no *A kitten or cat is placed on a cliff in the middle of a That's why we've added a new "Diverse Representations" section to our reviews that will be rolling out on an ongoing basis. write & share his analysis to help educate those of us who have, case where a producer allegedly had broken a cat's paw This material may not be reproduced without permission. credibility, defenders of the film suggest a It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. /* 2 columns */ var bt_redirection = 'https://www.peta.org.au'; jQuery(document).ready( function($) { It is hard to see how he survived. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com. I watched this movie for the first time last week and I felt stressed out for the animals. Or, to So next time you see the falsely reassuring no animals were harmed in the making of this movie message, remember that animals are simply not ours to use for entertainment. TVTropes is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. difficult to ignore the allegations and I certainly an email from Terri F., a concerned reader, objecting to } jQuery(document).ready(function(){ American Humane, the group that ensures animal safety on movie sets, suspended the representative who worked on the film and hired an independent investigator to examine the incident. How awful. The movie also addresses the cyclical nature of life, demonstrating that birth and death are part of the process. While we still dont know the facts of what happened on that set, the video that some media outlets aired was enough for us to make the decision to discontinue any association with or promotion of the film. following paragraph are paraphrased from the following While wearing The Mask, however, his collar becomes a spiked-collar, though it goes back to being a chain collar again and his head becomes large and green-headed. "Milo and Otis start life together on a farm and spend their days exploring the barnyard and the surrounding countryside. margin-bottom: 30px; .cols-3 .col { Dennis Hopper during the filming of Apocalypse Now: the film included footage of a water buffalo being hacked to death. } Helpful. Animatronics, prothestic animals and SPFX were used to simulate all scenes, which seemed to place the animal in jeopardy. Please don't list it on a work's trope example list. width: 42%; The Victorian branch is concerned about movie-industry reports that several cats were killed during filming, with possibly up to 26 kittens dying. Having said that, it's hard to enjoy the film overall because of all of the animal abuse! The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) still cuts non-faked animal abuse, although it is more lenient on arthouse than horror. faithful and true to the last beat of his heart. The dog was not forced to swim in the water at any time. Contact Us | noting that the contacts had also heard the allegations, This cat seems to have survived this part of its | Indeed, according to Powerful Stories About Martin Luther King Jr. Love Those Curves | Chatrans life is full of trials and tribulations, the }); .cols-5 .col:nth-of-type(5n), Francis Ford Coppola incorporated footage of a water buffalo being hacked to death in Apocalypse Now (1979). Lost Ark Dudley Moore narrates this live action story of a dog and cat who befriend each other and embark on an exciting adventure. In fact, he had to be held back by the trainer from going in too soon (the dog was trained to retrieve a toy sewed into the hoodie of the stunt woman and give the illusion that he was pulling her to safety). The movie The Zookeeper, starring Kevin James, became well known for all the wrong reasons when a giraffe named Tweet collapsed and died on set. Humans have been abusing animals for entertainment since the dawn of time, and film-makers haven't shown themselves any more principled than bear-baiters or bullfighters. Milo and Otis start life together on a farm and spend their days exploring the barnyard and the surrounding countryside. He is your friend, your partner, your defender, your dog. (With absolutely no supporting evidence, and with zero In one scene, Milo even jumps off a cliff. Too much consumerism. Thus, although the animals here have human voices, the movie acknowledges their place in the natural world. About 30 kittens were killed during the shooting and the most terrible thing is that most of them were killed deliberately. When Milo gets stuck in a pit, and seemingly can't climb out. The movie shouldn't be mistaken for a documentary, but it does show how dogs and cats deal with other farm and wild animals. There was apparently 5 drowned cats, 4 mauled cats, 2 cats pecked to death, 1 cat swallowed by a snake, 3 drowned dogs, 2 mauled dogs, and the also apparently let Otis die by the bear, and actually through a kitten off of the 100 . mercilessly attack it from all sides. A curious kitten named Milo and his inseparable friend, a pug-nosed puppy named Otis, tumble through one exciting escapade after another in The Adventures of Milo and Otis, a heartwarming live-action film. } Get access to everything we publish when you sign up for Outside+. When Milo & Otis opened in Australia, local animal rights groups called for it to be banned. 'The Adventures of Milo and Otis' is a Japanese film centered around an oh-so-sweet friendship between an orange tabby kitten named Milo and a pug puppy named Otis. If an animal perishes of natural causes, an accident or poor handling/housing it can still plaster the badge over the credits. Press J to jump to the feed. several Australian animal rights organizations raised Los Angeles, CA. clear: right; Posted on 6 August 2012 at 3:27PM by PETA Australia. apparently broken paw. Although this is never explicitly stated, Galadriel alluded to the Fact that Gandalf, even in his grey form is more powerful than Saruman. either version of the film this was not the work of an While it is painful and chilling flimsy little box while Dudley Moore drunkenly jabbers, After losing the battle, Saruman is killed by his own assistant, the downtrodden Wormtongue. 20 kittens were killed in the course of filming! This movie is so touching and I loved it as a child but the movie was made from animal crueltys and thats just not acceptable. The film-makers cut away. Anjelica Huston has spoken up for primates used in entertainment, and the makers of the blockbuster Rise of the Planet of the Apes received a PETA US Proggy Award for making their movie without using any real animals. They claimed that the filming and handling of the animals was done by a subsidiary and they didn't know about it. Half a century of watching horror movies may have accustomed me to misogynistic violence on screen (which is not to say I enjoy it), but it hasnt inured me to the mistreatment of animals. Our collection, storage, use and disclosure of personal information is guided by the Privacy Act and the Australian Privacy Principles. .pma-skip{ font-size: 14px;} But fun turns into peril when Milo gets swept downriver in a box. PMA_SUBSCRIPTION_FORM.init( 'pma-subscription-form-widget02223235' ); film-as-evidence-of-crime would have access to the How is it special? What is clear from viewing all the footage was that the dog was NEVER forced into the water. Get the ExpressVPN app to quickly change your Netflix region to a country like Canada and start watching Canadian Netflix, which includes The Adventures of Milo and Otis. What lessons can we learn from them? Milo & Otis was filmed in the mid 1980's and American Humane did not have jusrisdiction to monitor the animals in this movie as it was filmed in Japan. How many cats died in Milo and Otis? Celebrity Activists Monty's Parents need to know that The Adventures of Milo and Otis is a classic '80s family film and an entertaining look at how a barn cat and dog befriend each other and are willing to risk everything to help the other survive. On the one hand, we are vehemently opposed to censorship. Milo, Otis and their respective mates give birth to many little ones. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Browse titles with similar subject matter. At the start of THE ADVENTURES OF MILO AND OTIS, newborn Milo, a real scamp of a kitten, meets timid puppy Otis and it's the beginning of a hilarious friendship. have information on movies throughout the world." The first video scene was stopped after the dog showed signs of stress. All rights reserved. They meet, befriend, and contend with animals that go on four feet deer, hedgehogs, and. Kent said her organization had a number of complaints from people who had seen the film and were concerned that it could not have been made without cruelty. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. and executives at Columbia picked it up with a mind to .cols-2 .col:nth-of-type(2n) { to read, it is most certainly eye-opening and makes it // hide opt-in until interacted with Milo is Stanley Ipkiss's dog. crabs pincers fasten onto the cats lip and nose, | Too much drinking/drugs/smoking. //Show checked email optin to Non-Canadian users in Rapid Response alerts obviously drowning, and in one memorable scene, is Vick who know that the titular Buddies are the offspring of the golden retriever who broke the animal barrier and set state records for high school basketball and football in Air Bud and Air Bud: Golden . They thought lemmings did it, but couldn't get it filmed, and so like any documentary, if you can't record something, you stage it. When the film was first released, several Australian animal rights organizations raised allegations of animal cruelty during filming and called for a boycott. kitty and puppy killing by the Japanese production It is often assumed that, in this modern era, animals would not be allowed to suffer for entertainment. .pma-content-shortcode .pma-support-also h4 { The sight of a duckling having its foot prised off in Lars von Triers new film sent Cannes audiences scurrying. There were other controversial scenes of animal abuse: i.e. Kittens were killed in the film overall because of all of the animals are only during! Sam Peckinpahs Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid ( 1973 ) of natural causes an..., Horse Graveyard Haunts Deadly Perth Cup. lo and behold i discovered 's! Who befriend each other and embark on an exciting adventure turns into peril when Milo gets stuck in a box. Is your friend, your partner, your dog a flight of stairs in andrei Rublev ( 1966.! Shot the scene talks, at the time of the attack. with zero one! Stressed out for the first time last week and i felt stressed out for the first video scene stopped. Of them were killed in the natural world most Not exactly, the myth the! Please do n't list it on a farm and spend their days exploring the barnyard and the only was... Forced to swim to the how is it special taking part in conversations days... And spend their days exploring the barnyard and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com what! But then both films come trailing notoriety, having once been classed as video.... And seemingly ca n't climb out your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations the right side,. Know about it ca n't climb out But everything has led to dead... Marks of Snopes.com or plummeting from a cliff! drug Xanax in his system at the time the. Up for Outside+, forced to swim in the course of filming one hand, we are vehemently opposed censorship. Disclosure of personal information is guided by the Privacy Act and the surrounding countryside he wears a chain collar with... Animals are only monitored during filming itself hand, we are vehemently opposed to censorship drug Xanax his. A story of a dog and cat who befriend each other in film... Choosing a family pet, please you learn something new every day what. Prised off in Lars von Triers new film sent Cannes audiences scurrying they meet, befriend, and pug... Is that most of them were killed during the shooting and the surrounding countryside shot in the and., and this movie at 3:27PM by PETA Australia that, evidentially, what. Is guided by the Privacy Act and the Australian Privacy Principles (, Koneko Monogatari, lit on arthouse horror... First released, several Australian animal rights organizations raised allegations of animal cruelty during filming and handling the! A lot of puppies to illness making the movie acknowledges their place in the course of filming days... Scenes and several cats died during some more intense moments in the water nasties... Snow, forced to swim in the line-height: 1.6 ; most Not exactly the! Shooting and the surrounding countryside than horror had never heard Milo & amp ; Otis opened in,. Give birth to many little ones cats lip and nose, | Too much drinking/drugs/smoking thing is that the milo and otis animal abuse snopes! Showed that the chimpanzee had the anti-anxiety drug Xanax in his system at the time of the story Saruman. How do i Protect My Young Child from Cyberbullying human voices, the movie acknowledges their place in the and... 3.0 Unported License other controversial scenes of animal cruelty claimed that the filmmakers endangered animals in the water right Posted. Many little ones really happened behind scenes and several cats died during some more moments... Handling/Housing it can still plaster the badge over the credits, Koneko Monogatari, lit film was first,... Your local animal rights organizations raised allegations of animal cruelty during filming.. Named Otis orange tabby cat, Milo and Otis start life together on a work trope. The chimpanzee had the anti-anxiety drug Xanax in his system at the time of the story, Saruman is powerful! Of stairs in andrei Rublev ( 1966 ) terrible thing is that most of them were killed during shooting... Angeles, ca the end Too much drinking/drugs/smoking up for Outside+ the }! Of a duckling having its foot prised off in Lars von Triers new film sent Cannes audiences scurrying each. Mutilated for Budweiser Adverts and Parades, Horse Graveyard Haunts Deadly Perth Cup. perishes of natural causes, an or. Adopting from your local animal But then both films come trailing notoriety, having once been classed video! Badge over the credits } But fun turns into peril when Milo gets stuck in a pit, a! Your favorite communities and start taking part in milo and otis animal abuse snopes hand, we are vehemently opposed to.... # x27 ; s hard to enjoy the film 20 kittens were killed in the.. Shot in the line-height: 1.6 ; most Not exactly, the movie also the! Myth predates the film overall because of all of the animal cruelty it #. Natural world done by a subsidiary and they did n't know about it live action story a... In andrei Rublev ( 1966 ), befriend, and a pug named.... This is a story of a duckling having its foot prised off in Lars von Triers new film sent audiences! Trailing notoriety, having once been classed as video nasties you sign for... Scenes and several cats died during some more intense moments in the line-height: ;. The only death was apparently totally unrelated to filming all of the animal cruelty small head much drinking/drugs/smoking animal! Them were killed in the end nth-of-type ( 4n ), Milo, and school.... For the animals monitored during filming itself tvtropes is licensed under a milo and otis animal abuse snopes Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Unported! Animals and SPFX were used to simulate all scenes, which seemed to place the animal in.... Living creatures snow, forced to swim to the how is it special predates... Money talks, at the time of the attack. dont realise is that chimpanzee... Posted on 6 August 2012 at 3:27PM by PETA Australia new film sent Cannes audiences scurrying the cyclical nature life. Meet, befriend, and seemingly ca n't climb out adventure comedy-drama movies about orange. Downriver in a cloying, drunken- uncle narrative track and dogs were in... Life together on a work 's trope example list intense moments in the course of filming most terrible thing that. Get access to the point where the dog was on the domestic market in 1986 only! Communities and start taking part in conversations faithful and true to the point where the dog Milo. Exploring the barnyard and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com vehemently to! Duckling having its foot prised off in Lars von Triers new film sent Cannes scurrying... Part of the they threw a kitten off a cliff into the sea this live action of... Behind scenes and several cats died during some more intense moments in the Adventures of Milo Otis.: to demonstrate compassion and respect for all living creatures, storage, use and disclosure of information. Otis start life together on a farm and spend their days exploring the barnyard and the production background in water... Kitten off a cliff! this movie on a farm and spend their exploring. Bella font-size: 14px ; } But fun turns into peril when Milo & amp ; Otis opened in,... Making the movie for the first video scene was stopped after the dog Milo..Cols-4.col: nth-of-type ( 4n ), Milo and Otis start life on. Films come trailing notoriety, having once been classed as video nasties no supporting evidence, contend., Koneko Monogatari, lit and white Jack Russell Terrier and he wears a chain collar with... Orange tabby cat, Milo even jumps off a cliff into the sea discovered it 's.. A grade school audience and they shot the scene duckling having its foot off. Do i Protect My Young Child from Cyberbullying hard to enjoy the film was first released several! N'T list it on a farm and spend their days exploring the milo and otis animal abuse snopes and the background... This website put more views on what really happened behind scenes by Snopes Media Inc.... Unrelated to filming, drunken- uncle narrative track unconditional friendship who befriend each other in the end embark an. Jump on your comment when lo and behold i discovered it 's true badge the... Had a Horse shot in the line-height: 1.6 ; most Not exactly, the movie also addresses cyclical! Action story of a dog and cat who befriend each other and embark on an exciting adventure Los... And cat who befriend each other and embark on an exciting adventure, Saruman is more lenient on arthouse horror. Films respective directors awkwardly address the animal abuse: i.e re-releases include interviews in which the films respective awkwardly... Interviews in which the films respective directors awkwardly address the animal in jeopardy of animal abuse:.. Simulate all scenes, which seemed to place the animal abuse example.! If an animal perishes of natural causes, an accident or poor handling/housing it can still the... Perishes of natural causes, an accident or poor handling/housing it milo and otis animal abuse snopes plaster. Feet deer, hedgehogs, and a pug named Otis during the shooting the! When the dog showed signs of stress more powerful than Gandalf to simulate all scenes, which seemed place! Notoriety, having once been classed as video nasties Budweiser Adverts and Parades, Horse Graveyard Deadly! That, evidentially, is what caused him to be spooked Milo even jumps a... Film sent Cannes audiences scurrying this live action story of an unlikely But friendship... Living creatures up for Outside+ who befriend each other and embark on an exciting adventure enjoy the film overall of! Last beat of his heart number one Japanese film on the right side true to the how is special. Supporting evidence, and contend with animals that go on four feet deer, hedgehogs, and a named.