Search by state or ZIP code, Look up contributions from specific individuals, Find and contact your committee's analyst. More than two dozen bills in nine states, either still making their way through legislatures or signed into law, have sought to establish a rash of harsh new penalties, elevated criminal classifications and five-figure fines for state and local election officials who are found to have made mistakes, errors, oversteps and other violations of election code, according to a review of voting legislation by The New York Times. \textbf{Selected Balance Sheet Items}\\ In 1868, Louisiana elected Oscar Dunn, the first black lieutenant governor, and then, in 1872, Louisiana elected P.B.S. Describe the linkage functions of political parties and explain how parties impact the electorate and the government. In 2020, election officials in Harris County, Texas, which includes the Democratic stronghold of Houston and is one of the most racially diverse in the nation, went further than anywhere else in the state to create new ways to vote. !Bi@{QFf ]D+X >Ot9Q&yL9W>p=,#XfZ_|8W|{+QpV{4&Am)w2lEORk+ .nPH~&9)4!Mx~}^ODEe!8os,,*NC;A8@g;u*;8=}pNA-&'e:,hF4i%0I][%c6D\ogjV)d[o=xAMf:#UNF/x pzdGak%'cx'!i:6vwQur \end{array} Explain your thinking. We already made it happen, said Isabel Longoria, the election administrator of Harris County. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/voting-rights/fines--fees--and-the-right-to-vote. She has been working on criminal justice reform issues for more than 15 years. /Contents 8 0 R>> Reg 73638 (December 28, 2021)Civil monetary penalties annual inflation adjustments, 86 Fed. <> Now you have 99 auditors that are being treated like potential criminals, he said, referring to the number of counties in the state. There is universal agreement among experts that there was no widespread fraud or problems that compromised the results of the 2020 election. 2 states, Iowa and Kentucky, have permanent disenfranchisement but require payment of fines and fees before an individual can seek to restore voting rights through the pardon process. Lesson summary: Voter turnoutlesson summary MPA-3.C.3 Factors influencing voter choice include: And I think a better solution is to provide more resources for training and education to our election workers, rather than put more bullies in the polls.. So you can either get with the times and proudly support these modern initiatives or you can be the person who stood in the way.. Describe who is unlimited in their outside spending on an election, Explain the media's role as a linkage institution (think how has media influenced how citizens acquire political information), media controls the narrative shared with voters; these voters then use that information in their decision making, coverage of political campaigns that focuses more on the drama of the campaign than police issues, Describe how the media's use of polling impacts elections, manipulation of polling data impacts the perception of issues and candidates, Describe how media can influence political participation, calling races early; use of Horserace journalism; telling constituency the race is decided, Describe how the following have impacted the level of political knowledge among citizens increased media choices, more access to informational more inaccurate information available, Describe how the following have impacted the level of political knowledge among citizens ideologically oriented programming, people live in an echo chamber and house programs that reinforce beliefs, Describe how the following have impacted the level of political knowledge among citizens uncertainty over the credibility of news sources/information, voters do not know what is true; may doubt all information presented, UNIT 5: Political Participation (20-27% of ex, UNIT 4: American Political Ideologies and Bel, AP Government Unit 3: Civil Liberties and Civ, FortheYearEndedDecember31,2014and2015, FortheYearEndedDecember31,2013,2014and2015, Valuationallowanceforavailable-for-saleinvestments, Available-for-saleinvestments,atfairvalue, Unrealizedgain(loss)onavailable-for-saleinvestments, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. Include three examples of linkage institutions in your definition, channels that connect individuals with government including elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media, an organized group of party leaders, officeholders, and voter who work together to elect candidates to political office, Describe the function of political parties for the electorate (voters), recruit; nominate, and support candidates for public office; provide labels that voters can sue as shortcuts in identifying candidates closer to their own political ideologies, Describe the function of political parties in government, create a party platform and define a general stance on issues; enacts policy positions of its members and acts as an opposition to the majority party when in the minority, Describe how parties have adapted to candidate-centered campaigns, candidates are developing their own strategies and raising money independently so elites are losing influence, Describe how parties have modified their policies and messaging to appeal to various demographic coalitions, republicans: becoming more diverse and accepting; democrats: push fiscal responsibility and reduced foreign intervention, a major national election that signals a change in the balance of power between the two parties, when the groups of people who support a political party shift their allegiance to a different political party. voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future Party-Line Voting Behavior supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices at the same level of government Describe current structural barriers that impact voter turnout in the U.S. How does the election type (mid-term or presidential) influence voter turnout? Seeks Harsh Penalties for Poll Workers, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/15/us/politics/republican-voting-bills-poll-workers.html. The counties that can pay to still continue what they do are going to do it, and the counties that cant are going to be restricting voting.. B@\0-D"HFH_!O. a?[ The bill met strong opposition from election administrators in Florida, who testified against it and issued a statement criticizing the effort when it became law. Describe who is limited in their contribution to candidate campaigns. (Hint: how many votes do you need to win), you only need one more vote than the other candidate to receive all of the votes, Describe how the Electoral College facilitates democracy (as opposed to a straight popular vote), balances the power between the more populous and less populous states, Describe how the Electoral College impedes democracy (as opposed to a straight popular vote), the winner of the presidential election does not have to be the winner of the popularr votes, Describe why campaign finance laws were put in place, people were concerned about the powerful role money plays in politics, Identify the federal commission in charge of regulating campaign finance laws. endobj I happen to be a Democrat, but an overwhelming majority of the supervisors of elections in Florida are Republicans, and everybody opposes this law, said Joe Scott, the supervisor in Broward County. Amendment 4 passed with 64.55 percent of the vote, over 5 million people voting in favor of the amendment. Serves as Counsel for Indigent Defense to the ABA Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants. In short, in 30 states individuals are being denied the right to vote because they have not yet paid criminal justice debt. The first bill would bring felony charges against any official who sends early ballots to voters who had not requested them. In 2016, Florida was the state with the greatest number of disenfranchised voters, accounting for more than a quarter (27 percent) of the disenfranchised population nationally (6 Million Lost Voters at 3). In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate. It should be unfathomable to think that in 2020 we would still be fighting the same types of restrictions that impinged the right to vote during the Jim Crow era. The process could be likewise corrupted by the secretary of state arbitrarily administering the law in a very uneven manner, depending on whether youre a Democratic county or a Republican county.. An official website of the United States government. Many seek to place new rules around mail and early voting, methods used without issue in 2020, with some tacking on new penalties for election administrators. T!1rQw@D4IB Linkage institutions are channels that allow individuals to communicate their preferences to policy-makers. If we get in the news somebody, somewhere gets punished for being a poll worker then its off to the races, he said. Guideline 5 specifically provides that Failure to pay court fines and fees should never result in the deprivation of fundamental rights, including the right to vote. The ABAs stand on this issue is directly tied to viewing this type of restriction on voting as a poll tax that disproportionately harms people of color. polarization has grown and parties are trying to remain relevant; the party's status quo has to shift with the changing demographics of their supporters, a system of elections in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of the state's votes in the Electoral College, citizens vote for parties rather than individuals and parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of vote they receive, Describe how the winner-take-all system is a barrier for third parties (and independent candidates), democrats or republicans win almost every election because it promotes stability, Describe the purpose of third parties in American politics, focus on the single issue that major parties are not addressing which eventually become incorporated into the major party's platforms, voluntary associations of people who come together with the goal of getting the policies they favor enacted, Describe lobbying and the impact it has on policy, interacting with government officials to advocate a groups foal; looks to influence how legislation is written, how it is enforced, and how it is interpreted, Describe how interest groups useelectioneering to achieve their goal, take part actively and energetically in the activities of an election campaign; they convince voters to cast ballots for or against particular candidates, parties, or issues, an organization that raises money for candidates and campaigns, Describe how interest groups use litigation to achieve their goal, may file lawsuits but that is time consuming and expensive; more likely to file an amicus curiae brief; attempting to influence how the laws in their policy are will be interpreted in the future, coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals, webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates, Explain the benefits and potential problems of interest group influence on elections and policy making, collective action and collective good; free riders - those who receive the benefit without doing the work required, institutional advantages held by those already in office who are trying to fend off challengers in an election, A primary election in which all eligible voters may vote, regardless of their party affiliation, a primary election in which only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote, process through which a state's eligible voters meet to select delegates to represent their preferences in the nomination process, Describe the purpose of the presidential primary/caucus, to choose delegates who support a particular presidential candidate, Describe the purpose behind the national convention, delegates vote to election the party's nominee and the delegates write the party platform on the issues, Describe how the national convention has become more democratic over the years, party elites no longer control the outcome, delegates are awarded based on popular vote, Describe how the national election leads to the decisions made by the Electoral College, voters in the Electoral College are awarded based on the popular vote in each state, Describe how the Electoral College was a compromise for the Founding Fathers, provided a check on the power of the voters; allowed for an elite check on an "excess of democracy", Describe how the American electoral system represents federalism, delegates to select national leaders are chosen by votes within the state, Describe how a state's electoral count is calculated, it is based on the total number of representatives added to the number of senators, Describe how a state's electoral votes are awarded, it is based on the popular vote of each state, Describe how the Electoral College is an example of majoritarianism. \hline Some countries go as far as to impose sanctions on non-voters. Its just so taxing, Ms. Phillips said. There were no dividends. Yet were seeing that as a baseline, kind of a fundamental principle in some of the bills that are being drafted. \textbf{Highland Industries Inc.}\\ Stunningly, most of those disenfranchised in 2016, more than 3 million people, had completed their sentence. Through a presidential executive order Through an, Simple majority voting is the only voting rule that is vulnerable to voting paradoxes . . \text{Valuation allowance for available-for-sale investments}&12,000&(11,000)&\\ Identify the four linkage institutions and provide an example for each one. It also adds new felony punishments for infringements of state law and creates fines of up to $10,000 for technical infractions.. If you got rid of every election administrator you dont like in your state, the desire for drive-thru voting, for mail ballot voting, for expanded hours is still there. 5 states explicitly require payment of all fines and fees before restoration of voting rights: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, and Tennessee. As the country's central bank continues to pump. These beliefs about, government, politics, and the individuals role in the political system influence the, are conducted as voters leave selected polling, places on election day. Important Election Dates. This report examines (1) the extent to which data on collections of fees, fines, and penalties are publically available and useful for the purpose of congressional oversight; and (2) the benefits and challenges to government-wide reporting of fees, fines, and penalties. Between 10,000 and 15,000 people cast ballots at 24-hour centers during times when polling places are normally closed. 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