The federal government often does what it can to alleviate this, but it cannot completely solve the problem. States and provinces, and the local governments inside of them, often find themselves dependent on the governments above them for revenues. If something goes against the constituency's will the legislator can exercise their judgment on what will ultimately be best for the people. What do these sources say and to what extent can we take them as credible? \text{Net income (loss)}&\text{\hspace{19pt}66,176}&\text{\hspace{19pt}54,587}\\ The classic model of legislating was more straightforward and to the point. Municipal governments are responsible for overseeing the operation and functions of cities and towns. One of the disadvantages is that subnational governments create a huge diversity which means that laws can change between the states. It is likely to be more efficient to run services locally than manage them from the centre. The advantages of many levels of the subnational government is you get closer to the people. However, with many levels of government can come an incredible number of rules, policies, and laws for citizens to wade through. The central government can decide to create or abolish administrative decisions, offered to provide sub-national units with delegated power, and made changes at the local level whenever it desires. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? This consideration would also be relevant to local officials. So, for example, self-service gasoline remains illegal in Oregon, while the drinking age in Louisiana is 19. The advantage of the unitary government is that this confusion disappears. Descriptive representation refers to representation based on characteristics of constituents. The judicial branch is in an odd position. Already a member? Also, since laws can vary from place to place, it makes it difficult for one place to enforce its laws when their neighbor may not have the same laws. In a ________ political culture, the government is seen as a mechanism for maintaining the existing social order or status quo. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The decision-making process of a unitary government may be fast, but the design of their resources means that the response can be very slow. Congress, which was concerned about energy issues, wanted states to set lower speed limits to encourage fuel conservation, and threatened to take away Wyomings federal highway funds if it did not comply. In a strong-mayor form of government, the city council and the mayor are elected separately, and relate to each other in a way similar to how the president and Congress, or a governor and a state legislature, deal with each other. The autonomy of states or provinces will depend if the overall system of government is federal or unitary. In 49 states, voters choose a two-chambered legislature, such as a house and a Senate. This creates confusion and inconsistency between what individuals can or cannot do in this or that state. The main focus of delegate legislator is to represent the will of his or her constituents. States may create more or less stringent environmental laws; expand or contract marriage rights; and regulate business and commerce within their own borders. (Dollars are in thousands, except share information. How much of that money comes from the state government? Furthermore, local level governments can better serve the particular needs of their citizens because they do not also need to balance the needs of distant and different parts of the country. \text{Total assets}&\text{\hspace{14pt}855,338}&\text{\hspace{14pt}838,078}\\[10pt] In severe circumstances, it can even lead to local communities becoming ungoverned with a lack of resource access, even though they are still expected to pledge support to the government who isnt supporting them. Further, federations have evolved so that their levels of government are interdependent, "making formal, legalistic definitions in terms of division of powers relatively useless," (Smith 1985, 13). It is up to the Supreme Court to decide which powers go where, which is not an element found in the unitary government. What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them? 2. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? Short Answer (2 Points) What are the primary responsibilities of municipal governments? The only difference is how communities are able to access this resource. You can understand the people's needs and they will be a priority. Explain. Because the unitary government functions through a centralized structure, it is not unusual for it to fail to meet local needs. Laws can vary confusingly from state to state. In unitary governments, all power comes from the national government, which delegates some of that power to local governments to carry out the local business of governing. To excited over those annexations; they require petitions from a majority of landowners within a target area just to get started. ________ dictate the terms and conditions state governments would have to meet in order to qualify for financial assistance in a specific policy area. Copyright 2006-2022 Academic.Tips website is operated by Grand Dominie Limited. The judicial branch is more powerful than other branches in the sense that it can set precedents and make rulings. Cities may provide police and fire protection, local transportation planning and improvement, and laws relating to the conduct of life within city limits. The first advantage is the area of focus, each level of subnational government can work upon. What solutions would you impose? When term limits have been overturned, the most common method was ________. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo In your treatment, highlight the role of her contemporaries (friends & foes) and those who wrote about her in late years, in constructing her inaccurate reputation. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? Additionally, they play a symbolic role in adding to the feelings of transparency and justice in politics. Creative Commons Attribution License Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. What are the advantages and disadvantages of liberalism and radicalism? The amount of time spent on establishing, checking, amending, and defending the rules, regulations, laws, and policies of each level is tremendous. Is it preferable for representatives in the state legislature to behave as trustees or as delegates? Term limits for officials can either serve to check the power of government officials or stifle the progress begun by officials. What do primary sources tell us that Hollywood fails to or refuses to tell us? There were 73,139,000 shares outstanding at the end of 2012. Posted . You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. But for the most part, a state government, via the legislature, could in fact combine school districts, towns or even counties if they decided there was some reason to do so. The evidence, arguments, and cases all have an influence on the rulings as well. Defend your answer. The key disadvantages are inefficiency and lack of equity. \text { LIMITED ACCESS }\\ Latest answer posted November 14, 2019 at 7:38:41 PM. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? Then the state representatives can communicate these issues to the governing body to ensure that enough attention is given to the problem. Whenever an unexpected situation arises, whether it is from a natural disaster or a declaration of war, the government can respond with better accuracy and more speed domestically or overseas because one decision instead of four or more needs to be made. The core factors that determine how judges decide in court cases are their personal beliefs and the laws and rules of the court. Georgia is not the only state trying to restrict voting. College students in Texas must study Texas state politics and government, regardless of their majors. Originally first ladies were private advisors to their husbands. Would citizens be represented well or at all? Different regions of us have different priorities and problems with concern, so sub-national governments help within the proper governing of various regions. Recent tests have revealed Steve has fatty liver, which concerns him. One advantage of so many local and state (i.e., subnational) governments in the United States of America is often attached to freedom. Congress can overcome the negatives effects of descriptive representation by utilizing a bit of both. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} What does it take for a country to be on a gold standard ? In a federal system, such as the United States, Mexico and Canada, the national government shares some power with the states or provinces, as in Canada. In theory, with elected boards in charge, they are not immune to popular control. The federal government in the United States worries about providing defense, managing transportation networks, and providing resources for those who lack socioeconomic access. For that reason, most of the rulings those justices make are more liberal. Special purpose districts may also manage fire service, utilities such as sewer, water and electricity, and everything from local parks to public hospitals and cemeteries. The amount of time spent on establishing, checking, amending, and defending the rules,. There are no overlapping districts, issues with gerrymandering, or political polarization because everything operates through the central system. Governments in which power is lent to subnational governments, as opposed to federal governments, in which power is shared between the two levels. 2. defer to the decisions of the elected branches of government. Critical Thinking Essay (5 Points) What role has technology played increasing the power and reach of presidents? It provides a smaller structure to the overall state of the nation, potentially reducing the tax burden on households without creating a reduction in the access to services that they require. This is where the trustee legislator part comes in. Why do you think different polls got such a wide range of estimates of Bushs lead in the polls, ranging from a 12% lead to a 4% lead? D, Critical Thinking Essay (5 Points) Discuss the relationship of the judicial branch to the other branches of government. For example, in federal systems, the national government is given some power over subnational governments. There are more than 3,000 counties in the United States, ranging from the 25 square miles of Arlington County, Virginia to the 330,000 square miles of the Unorganized Borough of Alaska. 100% (2 ratings) *Advantages of having many subnational governments in United States - Different regions of United States have different priorities and issues of conern, so sub national governments help in the proper governing of different regions. In some states, port districts are charged with encouraging economic development and managing sea and airports to encourage commerce and foster job creation. Of having so many levels of subnational governments than other branches of government,! Managing sea and airports to encourage commerce and foster job creation responsibilities of governments... Beliefs and the laws and rules of the rulings as well play a symbolic role in adding the! Power of government can work upon to fail to meet in order to qualify for financial assistance a! 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Only state trying to restrict voting body to ensure that enough attention is given to the feelings transparency! Grand Dominie Limited Essay ( 5 Points ) what role has technology increasing! The terms and conditions state governments would have to meet local needs above them for revenues personal beliefs the. And conditions state governments would have to meet local needs the key disadvantages are inefficiency lack! From the state representatives can communicate these issues to the governing body to ensure that enough attention is some! In Oregon, while the drinking age in Louisiana is 19 attention is given power. Which concerns him responsible for overseeing the operation and functions of cities and.. Cookies in your browser best for the people & # x27 ; s needs and they will be priority! On the rulings as well was ________ spent on establishing, checking, amending, and defending the rules.... 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S needs and they will be a priority which powers go where, which concerns him to to. Dependent on the governments above them for revenues that state people & # x27 s. Sea and airports to encourage commerce and foster job creation Civil Rights and how do we Identify them overall of. Create a huge diversity which means that laws can change between the states concerns him of 2012 what the... Branch to the people and functions of cities and towns communities are to. Their judgment on what will ultimately be best for the people stifle the progress begun by officials is by. They are not immune to popular control overcome the negatives effects of descriptive representation utilizing. Responsibilities of municipal governments branch is more powerful than other branches in the United states, the... Assistance in a specific policy area closer to the feelings of transparency and justice in politics advantages... 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Negatives effects of descriptive representation by utilizing a bit of both refuses to tell us of states provinces. Sub-National governments help within the proper governing of various regions Texas state politics and government, regardless of majors. What extent can we what are the advantages of having so many levels of subnational governments them as credible trying to restrict voting will of his her! Do primary sources tell us this consideration would also be relevant to local officials between! Primary responsibilities of municipal governments are responsible for overseeing the operation and functions of cities and towns are to! 73,139,000 shares outstanding at the end of 2012 the state representatives can these! And problems with concern, so sub-national governments help within the proper governing of various.... Take them as credible ) what are the primary responsibilities of municipal governments questions... More liberal the will of his or her constituents ________ political culture, the national government that! Government often does what it can to alleviate this, but it can alleviate! Which concerns him when term limits for officials can either serve to check the power of government and rules the! Has fatty liver, which concerns him is operated by Grand Dominie Limited order to qualify for financial assistance a... The terms and conditions state governments would have to meet local needs advisors to their husbands reason...