[33], Background: History of the tank, Tank classification, Tanks in World War I, Background: History of the tank, Tank classification, Tanks of the interwar period, Background: History of the tank, Tank classification, Background: History of the tank, Tank classification, Tanks in the Cold War. WebGet MLB news, scores, stats, standings & more for your favorite teams and players -- plus watch highlights and live games! Ihr CarTrawler Mietwagen-Angebot: Alle Bedingungen finden Sie auf cars.easyJet.com.. Parken am Flughafen: This hodge-podge of designs was far from ideal, and there were efforts to improve the Centurion. B Squadron 4th Royal Tank Regiment did include small number of Matilda II infantry tanks. They were large, heavy, slow moving vehicles capable of driving right over the top of enemy trenches; thereby eliminating the need to send soldiers "over the top" only to be blasted to pieces by enemies. SMG: Loaded Canister - Grand Washington Hotel mission - When the mission asks you to get to the roof, there will be a section with a Development officially began in September 1978 with the aim of introducing a new design in the late 1980s that would replace both British and German designs. Numerous mechanical failures and the inability of the British and French to mount any sustained drives in the early tank actions cast doubt on their usefulnessand by 1918, tanks were extremely vulnerable unless accompanied by infantry and ground-attack aircraft, both of which worked to locate and suppress anti-tank defenses. Formatting in Excel helps us achieve exactly that. This early lead would be gradually lost during the course of the 1930s to the Soviet Union who with Germany began to design and build their own tanks. The Cruiser Mk III saw action in Greece and early North African campaigns where they equipped units of the 7th Armoured Division. It was characterized by long sections of straight track, mild grades, and impressive bridges. Free CSS | 3416 Free Website Templates, CSS Templates and Three Mark IIIs were built, one by Vickers and two by the Royal Ordnance Factory at Woolwich: Medium III E1, E2 and E3. By 1928 it used LaSalle. However even though the British in the 1930s continued the design and development of tanks themselves, the Germans began to further develop tank strategy and incorporate them into their tactical employment more than the British. WebRservez des vols pas chers sur le site officiel easyJet.com vers plus de 130 destinations en Europe. The Light Tank Mk VI was the sixth and final design in the line of tanks built by Vickers-Armstrongs for the British Army during the interwar period. The Nickel Plate ordered an additional 55 Berkshires during the war.[3]. The early Churchills were fraught with mechanical defects and required many changes before they were considered sound. The heavier Cruiser, Mk II (A10), were part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) sent to France in the early stages of the Second World War. Horsepower and acceleration performance metrics as reported by BMW AG. The other risk was that his plan to smear the Nickel Plate's reputation might fail and it could quickly grow. Among its many improvements, the Challenger used a laser rangefinder in a highly automated fire control system, an improved engine, a greatly improved suspension that offered far better off-road performance. Another issue was that the areas around the front machine gun turrets created a frontal surface that was more vulnerable to enemy fire than it would have been had it been a flat plate, let alone a sloped glacis. Cruiser tanks were to carry out the traditional cavalry roles of pursuit and exploitation, working relatively independently of the infantry. BMW Accident Management & Roadside Assistance, Original BMW Accessories: Spring and Summer, BMW M TwinPower Turbo 8-Cylinder Engine producing 617 HP, M TwinPower Turbo 6-Cylinder Engine producing 503 HP, BMW Digital Cockpit Professional with iDrive 8 and BMW Curved Display, Two BMW M eDrive electric motors with up to 610 HP*, Up to 463 km of All electric Range with Zero local C02 emissions. Designed using the interior and chassis layout of the experimental A10, the Valentine met an emergency 1938 requirement for a tank to supplement the Matilda. The idea of an eastwest railroad across northern Ohio was very popular with the people of Ohio. In practice both cruiser and infantry tanks entered the Second World War with the same gun. [17] The Cruiser Mk IV (A13 Mk II) was a more heavily armoured version of the Mk III and was used in some of the early campaigns of the war. The remaining British troops were withdrawn from Iraq after the Iraqi government refused to extend their mandate. At the end of 1960, NKP operated 2,170 miles (3,490km) of road on 4,009 miles (6,452km) of track, not including the 25 miles (40km) of Lorain & West Virginia. The Crusader tanks became the main British tank, the A15 Crusader Mark I and II variants had QF 2 pounder (40mm) main gun, but the 'Crusader III' was fitted with an Ordnance QF 6 pounder (57mm) main gun. Unfortunately, success was not complete because the infantry failed to exploit and secure the tanks' gains. In 1934 the best features of the earlier Mk III light tank were incorporated into a cruiser tank design. After the first season aired, the series entered syndication, during which new episodes aired each weekday. If the Nickel Plate remained independent it would be able to create a substantial dent in both entrepreneurs' railroad earnings. The British Mark I was the world's first combat tank, entering service in August 1916, and first used in action on the morning of 15 September 1916. As a consequence of this doctrinal split, firepower was neglected[citation needed] in tank design. The Medium Mark III was ordered in 1928 and proved reliable and a good gun platform. The first American-produced heavy tank was the 43.5-ton Mark VIII, a US-British development of the successful British heavy tank design. As of 2022, the character has appeared in four films: Guardians of the Galaxy: Get in touch with the BMW team you need to contact. Step 2) Format Data in Microsoft Excel. See Robert Crisp, Brazen Chariots (W.W. Norton & Co. 2005), at 15. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBellamy2005 (, Jorgensen, Christer and Mann Chris, Tank Warfare: Strategy and Tactics-The Illustrated History of the Tank at War 1914-2000, The History Press LTD (2001: UK), Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles, "British Army to get 148 Challenger 3 tanks in 800m deal", Operations in Afghanistan: Chronology of Events, September 2001 December 2002, "British Troops Leave Iraq As Mandate Ends", Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank, List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II, List of modern armoured fighting vehicles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tanks_in_the_British_Army&oldid=1117374505, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2021, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2021, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 11:09. It was the third of twenty units to be painted in the colors of Norfolk Southern's predecessors. During a newspaper war to attract the NYC&St.L, the Norwalk, Ohio, Chronicle Newspaper referred to it as a " double-track, nickel-plated railroad." One of the Mark IIIs was fitted as a command vehicle with an extra radio aerial around the turret. The maximum speed requirement matched the walking pace of a rifleman, and the armour on these tanks was expected to be heavy enough to provide immunity to towed anti-tank guns. WebEs gelten die allgemeinen Geschftsbedingungen der untenstehenden Anbieter fr die von den Anbietern angebotenen Leistungen. Railroad and railroad construction became one of the largest industries. When equipped with the L7 105mm gun, along with greatly improved shells, the Centurion was able to penetrate even the heaviest Soviet designs. The quick and easy way of doing it is by using the following shortcut commands. [30] The British Army is today concentrating on fighting Taliban forces and bringing security to Helmand province. Iranian orders for an improved Chieftain led to what were initially relatively minor upgrades, but the development of Chobham armour in the 1960s led to the design of a new tank combining a wide variety of improvements, the Challenger. After the First World War, the British began to produce a series of similar light tanks and developed them right up to the Second World War; the Light Tanks Mk II through to the Mk V. Eventually, by the 1930s, British experiments and their strategic situation led to a tank development programme with three main types of tank: light, cruiser and infantry. Starting about 1877, two great railroad developers, William H. Vanderbilt and Jay Gould, began competing for the railroad traffic along the south shore of the Great Lakes. Many broke down but nearly a third succeeded in breaking through. WebVisit BMW Canada official website, discover all our luxury sports cars and find the one that fits your needs amongst our ranges of convertibles, SAVs and sedans. Instead, designs like the Centurion continued to be improved with the addition of better fire control, stabilization and NBC protection. The "Number 1 Lincoln Machine", nicknamed "Little Willie" weighed 14 tons and could carry a crew of three, at speeds of less than 2mph over rough ground. Many broke down but nearly a third succeeded in breaking through. The cost of construction was higher than expected and the Seney Syndicate began to negotiate with Gould to purchase the railroad, but unlike Vanderbilt, Gould lacked the capital. During the Battle of Amiens in August 1918, several hundred of the Mark V and the lengthened Mk V* tanks, together with the new Whippet tanks, penetrated the German lines in a foretaste of modern armoured warfare. This allowed for economies of scale and larger, more efficient factories. This led to cruiser tank designs requiring greater speed. Flugpreise in externer Werbung One-way-Preise pro Person basierend auf 1 oder 2 Passagieren (wie angegeben), die mit der gleichen Buchung reisen, inklusive Bearbeitungsgebhr und Flughafensteuer, zuzglich variabler Kosten fr The Mark VIII was a cooperative design between the Allies[7] and was also known as "Liberty," "International," or Anglo-American tank. In the 25 years after the American Civil War, railway track mileage in the United States more than doubled, changing the face of America. When the BEF returned to the United Kingdom, nearly all their armour was left behind and the remaining Matilda Mk Is were withdrawn. N&W had merged with long-time rival Virginian Railway in the Pocahontas coal region in 1959, and grew through the mergers with other rail carriers including the Nickel Plate and Wabash railroads with operations in adjacent areas of the eastern United States to form a more competitive and successful system serving 14 states and a province of Canada on more than 7,000 miles (11,000km) of road. Development of the tank began in 1943 and manufacture of the Centurion, began in January 1945. father of tank doctrine, had used the example of German infiltration tactics to refine what he called "Plan 1919". The Mark X, a further improvement on the Mk V, was planned but never built. Parallel to the British development, France designed its own tanks. Rommel committed some of his armour to local counterattacks, only to find the guns of the Panzer II and Panzer 38(t) tanks could not penetrate the Matildas' armour. The United Kingdom participated in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, sending a force that would reach 46,000 military personnel. Rail transportation meant that products made in the East could be shipped West for far less than previously. [31] The 7th Armoured Brigade, consisting of 112 Challenger 2 tanks, 140 Warriors and 32 AS-90 155mm self-propelled howitzers, entered Iraq on 21 March and advanced towards Iraq's second largest city, Basra and helped encircle and isolate it. The A7V would be involved in the first tank vs. tank battle of the war on 24 April 1918 at Villers-Bretonneuxa battle in which there was no clear winner. In British practice, the main armament of the infantry tank went in three phases. It had a rotating turret on top like the FT but mounted a dual-purpose 3-pounder gun (that could fire both high-explosive and anti-tank shells) with a coaxial machine gun. Sixty worn out examples were taken to Greece, by the 3rd Royal Tank Regiment and although they performed well against the German tanks, over 90% were lost due to mechanical breakdowns as opposed to enemy action (mainly tracks). [29][full citation needed] The 3rd Division were deployed in Kabul, to assist in the liberation of the troubled capital. We all love beautiful things dont we? During Bernet's reign, the Nickel Plate grew substantially. *BMW AG predicted estimated range (based on EPA methodology). Over time, the Nickel Plate was reduced as a serious threat to the New York Central and other competing lines. The attack made the German commanders nervous, and the battle is historically credited with shaking the confidence of the German High Command (OKW) and it may have been one of the factors for the surprise German halt on 24 May that gave the BEF the slimmest of opportunities to begin evacuation from Dunkirk. The Germans had been too late in recognizing their value to consider them in their own plans. The Mark V had more power (150bhp) and could be steered by one man, thanks to the epicyclic gear system created by Walter Wilson. Wikipedia Were sorry but this highlight is not available for your current device. While the L7 equipped Centurion was an excellent tank, improvements in gunnery and especially drivetrain made it possible to equip a tank with the protection and firepower of the Conqueror with the mobility of Centurion. Observers at Fort Wayne, Indiana, reported six long meat trains every night and a couple of fruit trains during the day. 2022 - ONLINE | 30 days before your first term is expired, your subscription will be automatically renewed on an annual basis and you will be charged the renewal subscription price in effect at the time of your renewal, until Alongside Mark V and V* tanks, they took part in the Amiens offensive (8 August 1918) where they broke through into the German rear areas causing the loss of the artillery in an entire front sector. On October 25, 1882, (a few days after the first trains ran) the Seney Syndicate sold the Nickel Plate to Vanderbilt for $7.2 million, equal to $202,200,000 today. The next development of the more heavily armoured and upgunned tanks was brought about by the tank on tank battles in the Second World War German Blitzkrieg. After the war, in 1947, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway ended its control of the Nickel Plate when it sold off its remaining shares. The stage was set for the creation of the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad. [23], In May 2021 the Ministry of Defence announced that 148 Challenger 3 tanks would be produced by upgrading current Challenger tanks with fully-digitised systems and a smoothbore gun. **, BMW M TwinPower Turbo 8 Cylinder engine producing 617 HP, BMW M TwinPower Turbo 6 Cylinder engine producing 503 HP, Up to 463 km of All electric Range with Zero local C02 emissions. Eventually QF 6-pounder (57mm) guns were put into the British tanks, and these could deal with pretty much anything but head on attacks on the German Tiger and Panther tanks - thanks to their special armour piercing rounds. On April 13, 1881, the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railway Company bought the Buffalo, Cleveland and Chicago Railway, a railroad that had been surveyed from the west side of Cleveland, Ohio, to Buffalo, New York, running parallel to William Vanderbilt's Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. Then the 17-pounder (76.2mm) was developed, becoming the best British gun of the war - able to deal with almost any armour put up against it. By the time the Second World War had come around, the design of the tank had shifted from its uses as a terrain covering vehicle, and the full potential of the tank as an armoured, combat vehicle had been realised. WebNASA's first logo was designed by the head of Lewis' Research Reports Division, James Modarelli, as a simplification of the 1959 seal. General Erich Ludendorff referred to that date as the "Black Day" of the German Army. With drag-and-drop simplicity, just about anyone can create apps that automate business processes or help customers find important information. The Mk V had a driver, gunner and the commander helping on the gun. They were followed by the Light Tank Mk VI from 1936. Come 1940, most of the British armour had been abandoned in France when the British Expeditionary Force was evacuated from Dunkirk, but this encouraged new designs[citation needed]. One was a desire to consolidate all of Cleveland's railroad stations. By 1881, one out of 32 people in the United States was either employed by a railroad or engaged in railroad construction. The Valentine proved to be difficult to develop further but the Churchill went through successive variants and served up to the end of the war. The Nickel Plate ran its first trains over the entire system on October 16, 1882. Since the infantry tanks were to work at the pace of the infantry units, which would be attacking on foot, high speed was not a requirement and they were able to carry heavier armour. WebYou do not have to be a developer to build apps using the Salesforce Platform. Defunct railway in the mid-central United States (18811964), "Nickel Plate" redirects here. [25] The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, Queens Royal Irish Hussars and 14th/20th Kings Hussars saw active service during the Gulf War in 1991 deploying 57 Challenger tanks per regiment. This gun used the same calibre (76.2mm) projectiles as the 17-pounder but the shell casing was from the older QF 3 inch 20 cwt gun (loaded to higher pressures) permitting a smaller gun that could be readily fitted into a tank. The contract costing 800 million to be carried out by Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL) to be delivered 2027-2030. He urged the adoption of a tank that would use the suspension system and also follow Christie's practice of using a lightweight aircraft engine such as the Liberty Engine. Highlight the cells that have the column names by dragging them. This is possibly due to the use of Chobham armour for the Challenger's outer armour. Britain continued its technical dominance of tank design from 1915 through to at least the early 1930s. Its primary connections occurred in Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Toledo. An outstanding achievement of the British Army was the creation of the Experimental Mechanised Force (EMF) in the late 1920s. Weitere Informationen auf: easyJet.com. Lets start with the one for addition. Prices and fees will be based on your selected province. Five hundred days later, the Nickel Plate's 513-mile (826km) single-track mainline from Buffalo to Chicago was complete. Key Findings. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway was controlled by the New York Central Railroad's Alfred Holland Smith, a close friend of the Van Sweringens. The British at Normandy were re-equipped with some of the newer British and American tanks and a few days after D-Day, the Armoured Reconnaissance regiment of the 7th Armoured Division landed at Le Hamel on Gold Beach with Cromwell tanks and began going into action almost immediately in the fighting around Villers-Bocage. The agricultural heartland of America was no longer confined to a market of a single day's wagon ride. The second Matilda was ordered directly off the drawing board in 1937. The German response to the Cambrai assault was to develop its own armoured program. [13] The British and Commonwealth forces employed a relatively small number of these light tanks and armoured vehicles in East Africa against the forces of the Italian Empire from June 1940 to November 1941. A last development was the superheavy Char 2C, the largest tank ever built, be it some years after the armistice. With the 20-pounder gun it first entered combat with the British Army in the Korean War in 1950, in support of the UN forces. Division 2 FOX Sports WebThe New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (reporting mark NKP), abbreviated NYC&St.L, was a railroad that operated in the mid-central United States.Commonly referred to as the "Nickel Plate Road", the railroad served parts of the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.Its primary connections occurred in Buffalo, Chicago, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (reporting mark NKP), abbreviated NYC&St.L, was a railroad that operated in the mid-central United States. During World War II, the Nickel Plate, like all other American railroads, found itself helping with the war effort. Considered stable and reliable by its crews, the tank was only hampered by its small size. The city also encouraged the railroads to build grade separation throughout the city. Therefore some functionality is missing. This design was almost as heavy as the German WWII King Tiger and was tasked with dealing with the heavy Soviet designs like the Joseph Stalin IS-3. Army Tank Battalions for infantry-support required thickly armoured tanks. In practice the "light tanks" were often small armoured personnel carriers. We can make our spreadsheets more presentable. The Cruiser Mk I was an effective tank in the French, Greek and early North African campaigns. When the Mk VI was first produced in 1936, the Imperial General Staff considered the tank to be superior to any light tank produced by other nations, and well suited to the dual roles of reconnaissance and colonial warfare. It is renowned for its durability and endurance. For more information visithttps://fcr-ccc.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/en. Finally, in a preview of later developments, the British developed the lighter Whippet. On March 28, 2012, Norfolk Southern unveiled NS 8100, a GE ES44AC locomotive painted in the paint scheme found on Nickel Plate Road's diesel locomotives. It continued airing weekly until the series conclusion on October 5, 1991. WebThe animated television series The Real Ghostbusters premiered on ABC on September 13, 1986. The British Army designs were forced by the trench warfare in which neither side could achieve more than small incremental gains without heavy loss of soldiers lives, but tanks changed that. Finally, in a preview of later developments, the British developed the lighter Whippet.This tank was specifically Total Selling Price may vary by province. Estimated range is based on Government of Canada approved criteria and testing methods. The Mk III weighed 14 long tons (14t), had a crew of four, a 340hp engine which gave a top speed of 30mph (48km/h) and was armed with a Ordnance QF 2 pounder gun and a machine gun. The light tanks were tasked with reconnaissance and constabulary-type colonial roles, with cost the major design factor. It traversed Cleveland from east to west, had a high level crossing of the Cuyahoga River Valley, and was adjacent to the proposed terminal. The Whippet tanks arrived late in the First World War, and went into action in March 1918. By the end of the war, only twenty had been built. The light tanks were for reconnaissance and colonial repression, with cheapness the major design factor. During construction, Vanderbilt and Gould had watched with great interest. easyJet.com The A7V was a clumsy monster, weighing 30 tons with a crew of eighteen. easyJet As of the next tank, the Renault NC27, only about thirty were built, the British Mediums represented most of the world tank production during the Twenties. She is depicted as having a naive and innocent personality. The main British force consisted of only 58 machine gun armed Matilda Is and 16 QF 2-pounder gun armed Matilda IIs supported by a few lighter armoured vehicles. In November 2001 the United Kingdom, as a part of Operation Enduring Freedom with the United States, invaded Afghanistan to topple the Taliban. [12] They saw use in training and in limited engagements with British Empire units such as the South African Army during the East African Campaign against forces of the Italian Empire. Using the knowledge gained in the above example, try to write the formulas for subtraction, division, and multiplication. On February 1, 1916, Alfred Smith called his friends, the Van Sweringens, and offered them the Nickel Plate. BMW You will get the following drop down menu. They were made to cross the trenches and quickly break into the enemy rear, while other tanks supported the main attack. In May 1918, Colonel J.F.C. The initial A20 design was not successful which caused Vauxhall to take over from Harland and Wolff. Formatting in Excel helps us achieve exactly that. [2] One major factor was Frank Allen Brown, who was the assistant superintendent at this time. A small number of Mark I tanks took part in the battle of the Somme during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette in September 1916. WebMantis (portrayed by Pom Klementieff) is a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy with empathic powers. Around 400 tanks penetrated almost six miles on a 7-mile front. Production difficulties meant that none was produced before the War ended. No one was less popular in Ohio than William Vanderbilt since the December 29, 1876, collapse of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway's Ashtabula River trestle, where 64 people had been injured and 92 were killed or died later from injuries. The Churchill had heavy armour and good off-road capability. The infantry tanks were intended to support dismounted infantry. As early as 1909, the Van Sweringen brothers proposed a stub-end terminal on Public Square in downtown Cleveland. Sir John Carden of Vickers-Armstrong produced this new tank, to General Staff specification A9, which was subsequently accepted as the Cruiser Mk I (A9). Because of technical troubles the Mark VII, almost identical to Mks I to V, had only three produced out of an order for 74 when war ended. [27] This included Challenger tank units within the 1st Armoured Division. In 1936, Giffard LeQuesne Martel, a pioneer in tank design who had published works on armoured warfare and pioneered the lightly armoured "tankette" to enhance infantry mobility, became Assistant Director of Mechanization at the War Office. Write the following formula in E2 Excel (Result column). It was developed to be able to cross trenches, resist small-arms fire, travel over difficult terrain, carry supplies, and be able to capture fortified enemy positions. This article on military tanks deals with the history and development of tanks of the British Army from their first use in the First World War, the interwar period, during the Second World War, the Cold War and modern era. The Matilda 2 totally dominated all Italian armour and could claim title to "Queen of the Desert" until the arrival of German tanks in North Africa. Also if the tank's gun was to be used to engage both unarmoured and armoured targets, then it needed to be as large and powerful as possible, making one large gun with an all-round field of fire vital. Combat experience against the Germans in the Western Desert Campaign demonstrated to the British many shortcomings with their cruiser tanks. It was quickly seen that the Matilda I, with only a machine gun, was inadequate for its intended role. The Nickel Plate had a few long-distance night trains, whose names varied according to whether the train was west-bound or eastbound. Armament would consist of a machine gun and an overall speed of a walking man when moving. The main problem with this strategy however, was that the British infantry tanks were just too slow[citation needed] and the cruisers of the time were vulnerable, and often mechanically unreliable. It was derived from the Vickers Medium Mark I and was developed to replace the last of the Medium Mark Cs still in use. The British Army entered the Second World War with an array of poor designs and hobbled by poor doctrine. However, Vanderbilt had a problem: he could not run the business into the ground or it would fall into receivership and someone else would buy it. Lack of production capacity meant the large scale adoption of US medium tanks. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Big Four Railroad shared a crowded lakefront Union Station. It suffered from a poorly-designed suspension, road speed increased to 30mph (48km/h) but during cross-country rides the bogies were often overloaded. In late 1915, the Attorney General of the United States advised the New York Central that its control of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and the Nickel Plate was in violation of the Federal antitrust laws. WebFree CSS has 3416 free website templates, all templates are free CSS templates, open source templates or creative commons templates. In the battle, elements of motorized SS regiment "Totenkopf" (later to be expanded into SS-Division Totenkopf)were overrun, their standard 37mm (1.46in) PaK 36/37 anti-tank guns proving ineffective against the heavily armoured British Matilda tank. The Cruiser Mk I was an effective tank in the French, Greek and early North African campaigns. Horsepower and acceleration performance metrics as reported by BMW AG. 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