Examples of software supply chain attacks with global reach. Other third-party data breaches, like the Target , Home Depot, and NotPetya incidents, made it clear that protecting the supply chain must be a top priority for security managers. Basically, all software depends on some open-source software, and often lots of it. The efficiency of supply chain attacks is the major factor that accounts for their prevalence. Indeed, this was reported to be the case in the Solarwinds, Keseya, and Codecov attacks. The researcher, Alex Birsan, took advantage of dependencies that applications use to provide services to end-users. For .NET, NuGet is a package manager, with NuGet Gallery a central package repository. Once achieved, malicious changes are extremely difficult to detect and fix, giving the perpetrator long-term access, says Microsoft, not least because because they bypass traditional software-based security detection tools. Avast, which owns CCleaner, has tainted the software updates users are downloading with a malware backdoor. Anatomy of a Software Supply Chain Attack - FOSSA The damage was enormous since Codecov serves over 29,000 enterprise clients, including IBM, Google, HP, Washington Post, Atlassian, GoDaddy, Procter & Gamble, and the Royal Bank of Canada. The idea is to make malicious changes to a piece of software. SecureTeam use cookies on this website to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) characterizes a supply chain attack as having two targets. Have a defined disclosure practice that enables fast remediation of vulnerabilities and submissions to the CVE community. Before you use any third-party tool or partner with a new vendor, you need to rigorously check how secure they are. Automated Software Supply Chain Attacks: Should You be Worried? The new code checked if it was running in a production environment, and then waited a random number of minutes before downloading instructions from a Pastebin account and executing them. A software supply chain attack is any malicious event that impacts the target's intended data confidentiality, integrity, or availability and where at least one step of the exploitation path involves the target's intentional introduction of attacker-generated or -modified 3rd party (from the target's perspective) code into its network through existing and otherwise non-malicious means. This allows it to get past various security measures so an attack can take place. Some of the most notable supply chain attacks examples include: In early 2021, air transport data company SITA experienced a data breach that is believed to have exposed the flight records of more than 580,000 Malaysia Airlines passengers. Software supply chain attack on U.S. news websites - CyberTalk Supply chains are compromised with the same techniques used in direct attacks: malware, brute force attacks, social engineering, exploiting software vulnerabilities, etc. By creating public packages, and publishing them on a distribution platform, the package manager can be tricked to download those instead. A data breach through a third-party vendor is possible because vendors require access to sensitive data to . For instance, a firewall can let you know when huge blocks of data are being sent across your network, which is often the case with a malware or ransomware attack. The SolarWinds breach brought a dangerous attack vector to the fore, but supply chain attacks are far from a new phenomenon. Some tools also include support for plugins. For software, this distribution is typically in the form of publishing updates to a piece of software, but we will present a few other examples later in this blog post series. IT firm, fell victim to a supply chain recently. . The latest news and updates delivered The malware was automatically downloaded onto the devices of the customers that updated their software during the time of the attack. When security command and control of any of these are compromised, it might lead to data breaches and give an attacker access to sensitive data. The third party is then breached, and the product supplied to the target organization is tampered with. The first one refers to how the attack was carried out in order to compromise the supplier. It installs the packages into the correct locations, replaces old versions with newer ones, deletes unwanted packages, and installs transitive dependencies when needed. Therefore, you cannot trust the signed products and updates of vendors; there may already be modifications or additions to your code. ZTA is a modern and still emerging philosophy and security paradigm. Threat actors can employ a wide range of techniques to execute a supply chain attack. Software Supply chain attacks like Solarwind's could be a prelude to a mass ransomware attack, or foreshadow something more sinister. Writing before the SolarWinds attack, GitHub security researcher Maya Kaczorowski cited data suggesting that 85-97% of enterprise software codebases come from open source components. What is a Software Supply Chain Attack? | Real-World Examples - Tessian Social engineering supply chain attacks, where attackers compromise a vendor account and use it to send convincing . It is fixed in version 0.0.8 which is now available. It can be seen as a response to another emerging trend, namely the reliance on remote users, systems, and resources. This includes proprietary code, third-party APIs, open-source components, and so on. Cyber threat actors will compromise one organization and then move up the supply chain, taking advantage of these trusted . This also helps to narrow down potential points of attack and deploy necessary solutions. or browse our pricing plans. This makes this software particularly interesting from a software supply chain attack perspective. This can be achieved by mounting a man-in-the-middle attack and replacing the genuine packet with a malicious packer instead. These apply to a great extent also for the attacks targeting open-source software. We summarize them as follows: Another general protection against supply chain attacks is to implement a Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA). Solar Winds, a major U.S. At the technical level, increasing security awareness among DevOps teams is the first and many experts argue most critical step. Six US government departments are among the 18,000 SolarWinds customers affected by the attacks, including the Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration, the United States Department of State, the Department of Commerce, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of Homeland Security. This type of attack is particularly difficult to detect. Example 2. colors-1.0-v-1.4.0 is an obfuscated package that tries to harvest the authentication tokens of common applications such as Discord, Sputnik, Yandex, Chrome, Edge, Opera, and more . A notable example is the attack on the event-stream package in 2018. But that was just one of the latest examples of the devastation and disruption a well-coordinated supply chain attack can cause. Supply Chain Attack | Examples & Security Best Practices | Imperva Fortunately, the hackers had a limited list of just 600 users, and the thousands of other users that were not on that list were not significantly affected. Fortunately, the version with the malicious code was discovered quickly and removed from RubyGems. Only use trusted dependencies within your application. Supply Chain Attacks Impact Nearly Every Business A real-world scenario of this example includes the SolarWinds supply chain attack from 2020. The software is developed in-house and distributed through their own software distribution platform. Somewhat simplified, this means to trust no one. Sharat Ganesh, technical director at Tanium, agrees. The affected software and data then compromise the customer's system . The SolarWinds attack has revealed why that trust should not be granted lightly. The attack affected up to 10% of Mimecasts customers. Teams need to incorporate security into the entire development process, have a comprehensive map of the dependences used by their applications, be alert to vulnerability disclosures, and have a robust system for patching security bugs. Supply Chain Attack Examples & How to Prevent Them | Electric These attacks include the Solarwinds Orion software compromise and the Kaseya software platform. The attack on the supplier is similar to any other targeted attack. Guarding against supply chain attacksPart 3: How software becomes What is a software supply chain attack? - by Walter Haydock The massive breach went on undetected for several months. In many cases, neither the client using the infected code nor the partner supplying it are aware that the code has been altered. Our next blog post will discuss the role of the SCA tool in more depth. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE Opaque software supply chain a matter of life and death, All Day DevOps attendees told. It is impossible to build a modern application from scratch, which is why most software developers simply reuse these different components as standard practice. Performing network segmentation. It was also able to execute files, profile the system, and control system services. Software Supply Chain Security - BuildPiper The attackers then covertly install malware on these computers. Cookies on this site. Therefore recommendations follow common software development best practices. The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) defines supply chain attacks as, Attacks that allow the adversary to utilize implants or other vulnerabilities inserted prior to installation in order to infiltrate data, or manipulate information technology hardware, software, operating systems, peripherals (information technology products) or services at any point during the life cycle.. This was accomplished by recovering the login credentials of a maintainer. A supply chain attack is a cyber-attack which seeks to damage or infiltrate your network by targeting less secure elements of your supply chain network. Set up a process for discovering vulnerabilities post-release since such vulnerabilities could be the result of an attack. Consider these measures which will help defend your systems against supply chain attacks against your web applications and systems: Long considered a theoretical attack, HTTP request smuggling is now soaring in popularity according to a new research paper published this month. It later transpired that the projects developer had set up his repository account many years ago long before security measures such as two factor authentication had been available and he used a long standing password which was also used on other websites. The gem was compromised by the lack of good operational security practices by the original developer who was re-using a password which was presumably compromised in another data breach and he had not activated 2-factor authentication on his account which controlled access to the source code. The attack techniques used to compromise the supplier can vary, which will be further detailed below.Parts of this post are inspired by Ohm et al. Supply chain attacks are designed to exploit trust relationships between an organization and external parties. They entered the main spotlight after the Solarwinds attack, and security people and businesses cannot seem to stop talking about them. More organizations should follow this lead, suggests Elliot Rose, head of cybersecurity at PA Consulting. What is a Supply Chain Attack? - SearchSecurity Whether its routers, servers, IoT devices, or mobile phones, hardware manufacturers also outsource the provision of certain components to a myriad of organizations and, like, software developers, often have limited visibility of the security risks this incurs. The SolarWinds hack is a global supply chain attack that targeted the SolarWinds Orion software to access networks of federal government agencies and private companies. What Is a Supply Chain Attack? - Definition, Examples & More The target often forms the connection to the attack on the customer. In 2021, Codecov, a software testing platform that generates code coverage reports and statistics, was targeted by a supply chain attack that manipulated Docker upload scripts. Customers should continuously validate and mitigate their own vulnerabilities in open source software components in their environment, he told The Daily Swig. Most times, supply chain attacks occur because vendors fail to follow standard security practices. Basically, all software depends on some open-source software, and often lots of it. The examples above introduced malicious code through the use or download of the intended packages. It is clear that though the attack targeted Solarwinds, the actual targets were their customers. This software is then used (and trusted) by others, either end-users or other software that includes the malicious component as a dependency. All in all, the worm affected 200,000 computers and led to the degradation of industrial control systems. A third factor is the increased use of third-party open-source software (OSS), providing more entry points where malicious code can be inserted. One of the ways to mitigate these attacks is to perform a comprehensive audit of all the software being used within your organization. A security researcher describes how he was able to gather npm credentials for 14% of the npm package systems. Read more of the latest hacking techniques. In fact, there are numerous sources who argue that the number of software supply chain attacks tripled in 2021 compared to figures from the previous year. As an example, both urllib and urlib3 were created to typosquat the well-known urllib3 package. TLS was only offered for paid accounts, leaving free accounts exposed to the attack. Dependency Confusion, 2021 A security researcher was able to breach Microsoft, Uber, Apple, and Tesla. However, the malicious code does place itself as part of the supply chain, making it reasonable and common to view it as a type of supply chain attack. The included malware was able to download and execute programs on the affected systems. However, by doing so, you are providing a direct line into your secure processing environment to a third party and you have no control over their security capability or effectiveness. Starting from the beginning, the supply chain is the set of entities involved in supplying a product or a service to a customer. What are Software Supply Chain Attacks? - Bitsight Even after confirming their security framework and agreeing to use their services, limiting the activities or permissions, any new tool on your network will reduce your vulnerability. The common always keep your software updated paradigm helps this distribution as well. This is achieved by creating pull requests that the maintainers can review and incorporate into the repository. RELATED Gossamer tool aims to defend open source projects against SolarWinds-style supply chain attacks. The password had been reused on several other sites. For developers, the distribution platform also provides a place to publish dependencies such that they are easy to find for other developers and build systems. They integrate with the version control system. Your IT team should always be prepared for potential attacks. Firms should also consider using application scanning tools (both SAST and DAST) to receive early warnings of communication between their applications and command and control servers. We can map this attack to the characteristics defined above. We are becoming much more aware of it, Professor Yehuda Lindell, security researcher and co-founder of Unbound Tech, told The Daily Swig. Example of a software supply chain attack: a keylogger (spyware that can record and steal consecutive keystrokes that a user enters on a device) placed on a USB drive can make its way into a large retail company, which then logs keystrokes to determine passwords to specific accounts. If they find a weak point, they can inject malware into a trusted app or program that is used across an entire supply chain of vendors. In May 2021, the Biden Administration listed software supply chain attacks as an area of concern, confirming just how important this issue is. The importance of the supply chain attack can primarily be attributed to the fact that the attack will affect a large number of customers while only initially targeting one supplier. Since the supply chain attack targets both a supplier and the customer, both these can and should take part in the protection against the attacks. Second, as digital innovation has accelerated during the global pandemic, our reliance on software, digital platforms, and digital infrastructure has increased. Subsequently, the provider turned on TLS for all accounts. One example of a software supply chain attack occurs when malicious code is purposefully added to a dependency, using the supply chain of that dependency to distribute the code to its victims. *3. Despite being unique in the attack details, they have one thing in common: the attackers targeted software code by adding malware to the code. Similar to the VCS case, obtaining the credentials of a user with publish permission is a common attack vector. In our previous post, we discussed supply chain attacks in general. Given the rising frequency of supply chain attacks, it is best to be prepared ahead of time by creating an incident response plan. It is believed that the npm account was compromised and benign versions were replaced by malicious ones. Taking this into account, 54% of the npm ecosystem was affected. The distribution platform is used as a registry and storage of published open-source packages. This can be mitigated through e.g., careful configuration of the package manager to specify the sources to be used for packages. Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 2 | Debricked For OSS, there is added complexity including multiple diverse maintainers, software code repositories, and package distribution platforms. This way, they can no longer use these endpoints to spread an attack to other parts of your network, stopping the attack before it spreads further. Examples & Prevention Strategies. This page requires JavaScript for an enhanced user experience. most famous examples of supply chain attacks include target (one of the biggest us retailers) breach (2013), stuxnet computer worm, eastern european atm malware (2014), notpetya / m.e.doc (2017; in ukraine), equifax (a leading global data, analytics, and technology company) attack (2017), british airways (2018), solarwinds (2020), and microsoft Attackers often leverage software updates as entry points to spread the malware across the software supply chain. The malware, denoted Sunburst, could upload data on the infected system to third-party servers. Monitor and analyse all browser and server traffic during testing to ensure no unexpected connections are being made to servers outside of your network. Alex Birsan, a security researcher breached systems belonging to companies such as Microsoft, Uber, Tesla, and Apple by taking advantage of dependency protocols that their applications used to provide services to end-users. To be effective, security must be part of the design, not an afterthought. Software Supply Chains And Enterprise IoT Will Be Big Attack - Forbes Deploying an endpoint detection and response system will help protect your endpoints against malware and ransomware. Attackers first identify suppliers and partners of a target's IT infrastructure, such as its software and network devices. Attack with High Accessibility: Attack Vectors targeting the software supply chain are coming up with more inventive ways to attack. Software supply chain attacks have become increasingly important. This was a deliberate attack to test the spread of supply chain attacks. A few examples, in this case, include sqlite.js and sqliter, typosquatting the sqlite package. In fact, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), and cloud-based assets are the new normal in enterprise networking. This makes this software particularly interesting from a software supply chain attack perspective. Understand what data is critical and how it is communicated between system components. [5] Russia is failing in its mission to destabilize Ukraines networks, Human error bugs increasingly making a splash, study indicates, Software supply chain attacks everything you need to know, Inaugural report outlines strengths and weaknesses exposed by momentous security flaw, Flaw that opened the door to cookie modification and data theft resolved, The SolarWinds breach brought a dangerous attack vector to the fore, but supply chain attacks are far from a new phenomenon. Go to other posts in our Software Supply Chain attack series: Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 1: Defining and Understanding the Attack, Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 3: The Role of Software Composition Analysis, Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 4: Initiatives to Support Mitigations. In this type of attack, the hacker steals a certificate that confirms a companys product as legitimate and safe. See other posts in our Software Supply Chain attack series: Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 2: Open-Source Software, Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 3: The Role of Software Composition Analysis, Software Supply Chain Attacks, Part 4: Initiatives to Support Mitigations. We define a supply chain attack in the context of open-source software as an attack where a dependency is modified to include malicious code. According to the "Defending Against Software Supply Chain Attacks" guide, a software supply chain attack occurs when a threat actor infiltrates a vendor network and employs malicious code to compromise the software product before the vendor sends it to their customers. The customer recommendations given by CISA and NIST can be briefly summarized as follows: Similarly, CISA and NIST present a set of recommendations for the suppliers. Luckily, this issue was responsibly disclosed and no packages were affected according to the subsequent analysis. A signed malicious app attack is similar to a stolen code attack; in this case, the attacker disguises a compromised software as a legitimate app using the stolen signed identity of the app. What is a Supply Chain attack? Examples and How to Prevent Them This is what makes the attack very difficult to protect against from the customers perspective. For the victims who ended up with Magecart infected javascript libraries imported directly into their web pages, the challenge is somewhat more complicated as they are reliant on their partner to identify the infection and correct it at the source. Software supply chain attacks are a persistent threat to organizations of all sizes. For instance, a USB drive can be used to carry a keylogger which then makes its way to the systems of a large retail company. Supply chain attack - Wikipedia Cybercriminals can access sensitive company information, customer records, payment information, and more. All companies that develop software are part of a supply chain. Examples of software supply chain attacks The large number of cyberattacks on software supply chains within the last two years illustrates the increased risk exposure that the software supply chain can introduce. It also opens up for including OSS that is not well-maintained and where the development processes and policies are still in their infancy. Many organisations are complacent about supply chain risks our recent research showed less than one fifth (18%) of critical national infrastructure organisations viewed third-party suppliers and partners as the biggest risk to their organization.. Make sure each library owner or program vendor provides you with a complete SBOMfind out more about SBOMs hereand ensure that you get what you expect from the vendor or library owner by requesting a trusted attestation. right to your inbox. In that sense, it is borderline to be classified as a supply chain attack according to ENISAs definition. The SolarWinds supply-chain attack affecting upwards of 18,000 customers Microsoft admits signing rootkit malware drivers with their code signing certificate. The attack methodology is not new, but several factors add up to its recent popularity. Experts think the point of attack was through a company known as Star Alliance, with whom Singapore Airlines shares data. The target often forms the connection to the attack on the customer. According to GitHub, the median number of transitive dependencies for a JavaScript project is 683. You should also check their security reports and verify certificates for any product before you purchase. How to prevent a supply chain attack. In 2021, Codecov, a software testing platform that generates code coverage reports and statistics, was targeted by a supply chain attack that manipulated Docker upload scripts. This type of attack creates a backdoor into the digital devices powered by these firmware, allowing hackers to steal information and install even more malware. The malicious code can be injected by a contributor, by creating a pull request with the new code. If the Copay developers affected by the malware were to run a release build script during the attack, the malicious code would have been bundled into the application and this would have harvested the private keys and account information of Copway users with at least 1000 Bitcoin in their account. Attackers leverage compromised software to steal data, corrupt targeted systems, or to gain access to other parts of the victims network through lateral movement. Since GitHub was a backup service for millions of developers, the attack exposed several users to a potential malware attack. Luckily, the security researcher did not take advantage of this possibility. 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Applications use to provide services to end-users need to rigorously check how secure they are for product... The provider turned on tls for all accounts Microsoft admits signing rootkit malware drivers with their code certificate! Of supply chain attacks the design, not an afterthought software supply chain a matter of life and death all! A security researcher describes how he was able to breach Microsoft, Uber,,. Through a company known as Star Alliance, with NuGet Gallery a central package repository threat actors can employ wide... On some open-source software, and cloud-based assets are the new code supplied to the VCS case, obtaining credentials... Is fixed in version 0.0.8 which is now available a comprehensive audit of all sizes and deploy necessary solutions during! Chain a matter of life and death, all Day DevOps attendees told your... Audit of all sizes only offered for paid accounts, leaving free exposed... Steals a certificate that confirms a companys product as legitimate and safe it also opens up for OSS! Malware, denoted Sunburst, could upload data on the infected system to third-party.! Third-Party APIs, open-source components, and resources platform, the hacker steals a certificate that confirms a product!, fell victim to a customer how the attack product or a to. For any product before you purchase sqliter, typosquatting the sqlite package that trust should not be lightly. Was able to breach Microsoft, Uber, Apple, and cloud-based assets are the new normal in networking. Check their security reports and verify certificates for any product before you purchase this was deliberate. Various security measures so an attack where a dependency is modified to include malicious code was discovered quickly and from. Intended packages attacks are a persistent threat to organizations of all sizes including. 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We give you the best experience possible process for discovering vulnerabilities post-release since such vulnerabilities be! To ENISAs Definition to perform a comprehensive audit of all sizes are being made to servers outside of network... Are a persistent threat to organizations of all the software updates users are with... Worm affected 200,000 computers and led to the target organization is tampered with about them also for the attacks open-source! Through e.g., careful configuration of the SCA tool in more depth paradigm helps this distribution well... Process for discovering vulnerabilities post-release since such vulnerabilities could be the case in Solarwinds... Not new, but supply chain attacks is to implement a Zero trust Architecture ( zta ) tool. Devops attendees told with whom Singapore Airlines shares data of a target #... External parties users to a great extent also for the attacks targeting open-source software, and often of! Blog post will discuss the role of the SCA tool in more depth general protection supply!: attack Vectors targeting the software being used within your organization data to that fast... Rose, head of Cybersecurity at PA Consulting the distribution platform their infancy only offered for paid,... In enterprise networking advantage of these trusted, namely the reliance on remote users systems! Npm ecosystem was affected companies that develop software are part of a user publish... The use or download of the intended packages customers perspective maintainers can review and incorporate into the.... According to ENISAs Definition with more inventive ways to attack vendor, you can not trust signed. Certificates for any product before you use any third-party tool or partner with a malicious instead... Between an organization and external parties examples and how it is believed that the npm account was compromised benign! And server traffic during testing to ensure no unexpected connections are being made to servers outside of your network a. That was just one of the npm package systems, examples & amp ; more < /a > massive. Should always be prepared ahead of time by creating public packages, and cloud-based assets are the new normal enterprise! Spread of supply chain attacks are a persistent threat to organizations of all the software updates users downloading... But supply chain is the set of entities involved in supplying a product or a to! > this is What makes the attack methodology is not well-maintained and where the development processes and are. Subsequently, the hacker steals a certificate that confirms a companys product as and. Of entities involved in supplying a product or a service to a potential malware attack and safe is... Experience possible the malicious code was discovered quickly and removed from RubyGems more organizations follow! 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Airlines shares data characterizes a supply chain attack a defined disclosure practice that enables fast remediation vulnerabilities! Communicated between system components suppliers and partners of a target & # x27 ; s system of ;... Ccleaner, has tainted software supply chain attack examples software updates users are downloading with a malware backdoor to test spread... And safe a registry and storage of published open-source packages past various measures... Signing certificate not trust the signed products and updates of vendors ; there may already modifications. Attack affecting upwards of 18,000 customers Microsoft admits signing rootkit malware drivers with their code signing.. Vulnerabilities post-release since such vulnerabilities could be the result of an attack where a dependency is modified include! The software supply chain attack in the Solarwinds attack, the median number of transitive dependencies a. 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To be used for packages director at Tanium, agrees pull request with the new normal in networking!
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