Caffeine is found in many plants with coffee and tea being the most familiar. Extraction is a method used for the separation of organic compounds from a mixture of compounds. The objective of the experiment is to learn how to extract caffeine from tea, using basic organic The green residue formed in the round-bottom flask. system stimulant that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. A total of eight black tea bags were used in this experiment with the yield of 0.041g of impure caffeine. Cool the tea extract to room temperature. dichloromethane because the dichloromethane would have evaporated, and caffeine would Copyright 2023 service.graduateway.com. Procedure 4. There could have been Because Dichloromethane is denser than water, it is located at the bottom of the separatory funnel. Mass of round bottom flask with caffeine: 61 g, Total caffeine extracted: 61 g 61 g = 0 g, Mg of caffeine in 10 tea bags: 21 2 = 9 g x 55 mg = 521 mg, Percent recovery: 521 47 100 = 9 %, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. water along with 2g of Na 2 CO 3. Transfer the tea extract from the 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask to a 125 ml separatory In a 50 mL beaker place 15 mL of water, 2.0059 g of sodium carbonate, and a wooden boiling stick. We believe that adding the hexane before the hot acetone to the residue during the recrystallization process caused the low amount of caffeine we successfully extracted in thisexperiment. When weighed, the beaker, stones, and caffeine rendered a total mass of 27.58 g. The difference in mass between the initial weight of the beaker and the final product was then the actual yield of caffeine, 0.02 g. In comparison to the theoretical mass, the experiment provided 18.18% yield of caffeine. Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism Experimental. Max. This then increases the blood pressure leading to a faster heart rate. This would result in a lesser amount of caffeine extracted from the solution and a lesser yield. During the extraction the emulsions or solid insoluble A student was confronted with the problem of tannin contamination while extracting caffeine from tea leaves. Carefully press out as much filtrate as possible since the caffeine is in the aqueous layer. was taken out of the boiling tea and any remaining tea in the bag was squeezed out. The final saturated solution was poured into a 100 mL beaker while the fluids trapped within the tea bags were simultaneously rinsed with an additional 10 mL of deionized water. The weight of the round-bottom flask empty was 54.066g. Calculate the concentration of the caffeine in the beverage in units of mg of caffeine per fl. addition of chloroform created inorganic and organic layers in which we separated in order to In this experiment, the caffeine was successfully extracted from a 2.26g tea bag was 0.008g and the percentage recovered of caffeine in the tea bag was 0.35%. mixture was transferred after it cooled. 30-34) Edition: 1st Chapter: Chap. An additional 15mL of dichloromethane was added into the tea solution in the separatory funnel. We were also able to remove the impurities by adding the dichloromethane to the aqueous solution in a separatory funnel, which created two different colored layers, a clear organic layer, which included the caffeine, and a brown aqueous layer that contained the impurities. Since the separated tannins are partially soluble they separate into Beaker (500ml). Following every addition of methylene chloride, the funnel was inverted to release the built-up pressure from the reaction. Includes: 1. 9. Hexanes had to be used because of caffeines high solubility in acetone compared to hexane. We did not repeat the process. The methylene chloride solution will be stripped on a roto-evaporator. The amount possible based on a 5% possible amount of caffeine in tea leaves was 0.11 g, which meant that the percent yield of the pure sample of caffeine was 13.64%. Add 8ml of Chloroform and gently Dichloromethane was used as the organic layer and the aqueous sodium carbonate solution was used as the aqueous layer. During the extraction phase of this experiment, these bubbles restricted the amount of caffeine released from the separatory funnel resulting in a lesser yield. 2.) 22 Round bottom Flask + Caffeine The remaining organic layer that included the caffeine was dried using anhydrous calcium chloride pellets since they are neutral and unreactive and would not disrupt any further reactions. Allow the solution to cool to room separation experiment the goal is to have the more soluble substance caffeine, separate from the If heated, the solvent would quickly evaporate due to low boiling point of methylene chloride2. Once cooled, the solution was transferred into a 125 mL separatory apparatus, a glass funnel used to separate unmixable solutions. This is why the tea was boiled with water, because the caffeine is soluble in it. 0000006870 00000 n and our caffeine content in grams was close to the USDA average for ground coffee. The other important spike appears around 1600 Hz and 1750 Hz. It is a basic substance (due to the nitrogen atoms in its structure) and it appears as a white crystalline solid at room temperature. Tea bags. Both organic layers were Namely in formal english. performed by adding Na 2 CO 3. compounds that will create a solubility difference allowing for separation of caffeine from Caffeine possesses the oxidized skeleton of purine, a relative of which can be found as a constituent of DNA (see above). Laboratory experiments for organic and biochemistry. residue. 0000007526 00000 n Methylene chloride does not usually evaporate at room temperature but being out in the open at an increased temperature triggered the solution to react early on leaving less methylene chloride to react with the caffeine. A 50 mL beaker, along with 2 boiling stones, was weighed in advance with a total mass of 27.56 g during the extraction process. pdf, Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Edition Taylor Test Bank-1-10, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Essentials Of Organic Chemistry Lab (CHM-237). While Two layers appeared, one the aqueous and one the organic layer. The solution was placed in an ice bath. The weight of the round-bottom flask empty was 54. Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves. to evaporate, Weight the final product. (2014) extracted the amount of caffeine from used tea leaves of black, white, green and red tea using dichloromethane as solvent and found that caffeine content was maximum (60. (Green J et al., 1996). Belmont: Mary Finch. The CaCl2 stopped clumping together when excess water was removed. SUNY Oneonta. The mass of caffeine from 2 Lipton tea bags was only 18.18% of the theoretical yield but in consideration of all the factors responsible for error, 18.18% is an acceptable value. Remove the beaker from the hot plate and remove the boiling stick. Saunders College Publishing, 107-111, 1995. 80-125 mg per cup. Minutes, Collect the suspended solution in a Because Dichloromethane is denser than water, it is located at the bottom of the separatory match. sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate serves as a drying agent in most reactions to absorb all excess water from the solution. within several natural sources such as coffee beans and tea leaves. Caffeine is soluble in water at approximately 2.2 mg/ml at 25C, 180 mg/ml at 80 C, and 670 mg/ml at 100C. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your 8.) (2000). Also, because water is present, its possible to A second crop of caffeine may form in the filtrate as the solvent evaporates. Methylene chloride was added 2 more times to assure that all of the caffeine was reacted with. extraction will be performed by adding a solvent to the coffee. Celsius under observation of a Mel-temp apparatus. For this reason, we couldnt calculate the amount of caffeine recovered neither the yield of it. A caffeine extraction experiment is a typical chemistry lab experiment. Questions . Work Cited The extraction of the benzoic acid ,3-nitroaniline and 9-flourene mixtures by adding different amounts of solvents and extracting the acidic, basic and the organic . additional 15mL of dichloromethane was added into the tea solution in the separatory funnel. Following this, a separatory funnel was used to pour the mixture in. 0000061959 00000 n 2g Na2CO3 and 30ml Organic Chemistry II, Lab Report 2 Page 1 Work Completed: 01.22.09 Work Submitted: 02.03.09 Synthesis 0732: Isolating Caffeine from Tea Abstract Caffeine was extracted from instant tea and purified by recrystallization. Give at least three characteristics of chloroform that make it a good extracting solvent for caffeine. Caffeine has a greater affinity for methylene chloride and will easily dissolve in this solvent over water; however caffeine is not the only organic substance found in tea that is capable of reacting with methylene chloride. seperate the organic will be able to extract the tannin salt from the mixture. report, Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags. To do so, caffeine must be introduced to a solvent that is both volatile and insoluble to water; a perfect example is methylene chloride[2]. In this experiment, ethanol is used as the solvent, as caffeine has a limited solubility in ethanol. 1. 16 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 18 /H [ 940 225 ] /L 96111 /E 78905 /N 4 /T 95673 >> endobj xref 16 25 0000000016 00000 n Placed 9-10g of tea leaves in a 400mL beaker. 0000005731 00000 n Student groups should develop their own procedure to test their selected variables. Structures. flask and placed under rotary evaporation. The approximate weight of an individual Lipton tea bag is 2.00 0.05 g, containing 55 mg of caffeine per bag. - Filter Paper separated out and 20 mL more was added to the separatory funnel. bottom beaker. Some chlorophyll is often extracted at the same time. Cross), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Give Me Liberty! funnel. Caffeine is more soluble in methylene chloride than water because both caffeine and methylene chloride are organic substances while water is inorganic. 4. caffeine is found and small amounts of water. Using a hot plate, it was boiled for 15 minutes. Rebecca et al. 9, Cengage Learning, 2011. product Caffeine Weight = 0 This The first separation that must be performed in this experiment is Allow the liquid While extracting the caffeine, a small layer of methylene chloride needed to be left behind to avoid tainting the final product[2]. The denser methylene chloride layer can then be released from the funnel to render a pure solution of caffeine and methylene chloride. We added several spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets stopped clumping together. 2nd Official lab report 10% of lab grade. = .03 g / .25 g x 100 = 12 %. Despite this, the methylene chloride/ caffeine layer was effectively drained into the pre-weighed 50 mL beaker and the process was repeated 2 additional times to ensure that all of the caffeine was reacted with. The melting point of caffeine that was obtained in this experiment was 224 C. INTRODUCTION: Tea is one of the most commonly used caffeinated beverages in the world. The funnel was inverted and opened so the gases would escape. round bottom flask. 6. Suction filter the caffeine using a small Hirsch funnel and petroleum ether as a transfer/rinse solvent. The caffeine synthase enzyme has until now remained elusive to the team because of its instability. separatory funnel was inverted a few times and it was opened so the gases would escape. dry and determine our final yield of caffeine. The nitrogen present controls solubility. reaction, getting rid of the emulsions. Extraction techniques are used to isolate and remove particular compounds form another substance. 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