When the balloon was cut free it was found that the yard was rotten and all the yards and spars were removed. She departed for London in mid-February 1920 and refuelled at Gibraltar on 28 February. Inspections showed that Discovery had come through the ordeal almost entirely without damage, losing only some of her external sheathing of greenheart and incurring some minor damage to the rudder. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. To prevent damage from ice floes or crushing, the two-blade propeller could be hoisted out of the way and the rudder could be easily detached and stored aboard. USS George Washington (CVN-73 General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. Discovery's infamous roll in heavy seas caused some damage to the barrels and her lack of a dedicated cargo deck hatch meant that loading and unloading took much longer than in a purpose-made cargo vessel. SS Richard Montgomery Discovery Sound was explored and surveyed for the first time and was named after the ship. Discovery made an annual transatlantic trip for the HBC between 1905 and 1911 carrying food, fuel, building materials and gunpowder from London to Charlton Island in Canada (near the HBC's large depot at Moose Factory). While serving as a squadron flagship, Scharnhorst carried an additional 10 officers and 61 enlisted men. At 17:03, Scharnhorst opened fire, and three minutes later a salvo of her 28cm guns hit Rawalpindi's bridge, killing the captain Edward Coverly Kennedy, and the majority of the officers. She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (the Prinz Eugen had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July. She was fitted with electric lighting powered by both a steam generator and a paraffin engine for use when under sail and also now boasted a refrigerated store for fresh provisions. UN News WebAdmiral Graf Spee was 186 meters (610 ft) long overall and had a beam of 21.65 m (71 ft) and a maximum draft of 7.34 m (24 ft 1 in). After anchoring off the Hermite Islands and transiting the Le Maire Strait, Discovery anchored at Port Stanley on 6 May 1927. Ltjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed U-boats to attack. Her first mission was the British National Antarctic Expedition, carrying Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, and highly successful, journey to the Antarctic, known as the Discovery Expedition. Sidney Frederic Harmer called the voyage "the most important scientific expedition that has left our shores since the time of the Challenger.". Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. Submarine aircraft carrier Reluctantly Mawson agreed to head north. The Australian government was to be in charge of the practical aspects of the expedition, under the leadership of the Australian National Research Council. [41], The strategic position following the damage to Scharnhorst was serious. During the rest of the month Discovery continued to work westward, prevented by heavy ice from approaching closer than around 100 miles from the coast. [29] The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. With only two sails carried on the foremast Discovery still averaged 8.5 knots (15.7km/h) over 24 hours, in seas with waves over 100 feet (35 metres) high and with crests 1300 feet (400 metres) apart. The aerial team relocated a coastline originally found by the United States Exploring Expedition in 1840 and renamed it and the newly surveyed land around it as the Banzare Coast. [194] It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). German battleship Scharnhorst Early discussions on building a dedicated polar exploration ship considered replicating Fridtjof Nansen's ship Fram but that vessel was designed specifically for working through the pack ice of the Arctic, while the British ship would have to cross thousands of miles of open ocean before reaching the Antarctic so a more conventional design was chosen. An RAF patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack. [74] Of the crew of 1,968 officers and enlisted men, only 36 men survived. An ironclad is a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates, constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s.The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shells.The first ironclad battleship, Gloire, was launched by the French Navy in November 1859 - narrowly pre-empting the British Royal Navy. [26] After approximately an hour of shooting, the German battleships sent Glorious to the bottom. She arrived at Victoria Dock on the River Tay on 3 April[5][10] the first time she had been back to Dundee since her construction. Captain Davis showed no interest in returning for the second expedition but personally recommended the first officer, Kenneth N. MacKenzie, as captain. Items range from the games played by the crew on her first expedition to examples of sea fauna. Fifty tons of coal was transferred from the Terra Nova, which had carried extra fuel for the purpose, and the captain of the Morning gave an extra 25 tons. The ship dragged at her anchor and only just had enough pressure in her boilers to prevent her being blown back onto the ice shelf which had provided her shelter for two years. The conference identified seven other parts of the continent, totalling over 3 million square miles (8 million square kilometres) which could be claimed by Britain on the grounds of first-discovery. This would later be found to be part of the Macquarie Fault Zone. Star objects on display include Captain Scott's rifle and pipe. The ship had an armored deck that was 20 to 40mm (0.79 to 1.57in) thick on the flat portion, increasing to 105mm (4.1in) on downward-sloping sides that connected to the bottom of the belt. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. During this time, she remained the home and training ship of the Westminster Sea Cadet Corps. She carried out a plankton survey of the surrounding seas until February 1927, when she headed to the South Shetland Islands, where she carried out a programme to 'tag' whales in order to track their movements. The longitude of the meeting 4438E became the boundary between the subsequent Australian and Norwegian territorial claims. German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee The three ships regrouped at the Auckland Islands and docked at Lyttleton on 1 April. For eight hours Discovery was repeatedly slammed into and onto thick ice and battered by bergs but MacKenzie was able to slowly work the ship offshore by use of the engine and, despite the fierce wind, sails. Five minutes after opening fire, one of Duke of York's 14in (35.6cm) shells struck Scharnhorst abreast of her forward gun turret. [7][75] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. Less than ten minutes later, a shell from Gneisenau struck the bridge and killed Glorious's captain. In her new form she was re-registered as a steamship. The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. Titanic As Acasta sank, one of the 4 torpedoes she had fired hit Scharnhorst at 19:39. Smith, one of the senior naval architects at the Admiralty, while the ship's engine, boilers and other machinery were designed by Fleet Engineer Philip Marrack. [31] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was undamaged. Discovery underwent a 114,000 refit at Vosper & Company which amounted to a rebuilding to put right years of wear and tear and equip the ship for her new purpose. Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel An expedition would be sent with officers authorised to claim land in the government's name while also carrying out further surveying, exploration and scientific work. [13], By 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the process of sinking. The government had bought the vessel to mount long-term projects investigating, charting and analysing the whale populations of the Southern Ocean. [25] The two destroyers attempted to cover Glorious with smoke screens, but the German battleships could track the carrier with their radar. Three of the bombs were 454kg (1,001lb) armor-piercing bombs, and the other two were 227kg (500lb) high-explosive bombs. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau operated together for much of the early portion of World War II, including sorties into the Atlantic to raid British merchant shipping. Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. The journey took 27 days in bad weather and the ship was found to be in poor condition with many leaking deck seams and a number of mechanical failures. After passing through the Strait of Magellan she stopped at the Falkland Islands to make magnetic surveys. The cruiser is the largest Russian The fossilized teeth of Homo sapiens Between then and July that year she made further coastal voyages along the French Atlantic coast, through the English Channel to Antwerp. On 13 June, Ark Royal launched fifteen Skua dive bombers; German fighters intercepted the attackers and shot eight of them down. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. The rear turret was disabled and 48 men were killed. [31], Following the completion of repairs, Scharnhorst underwent trials in the Baltic before returning to Kiel in December 1940. The British National Antarctic Expedition was acclaimed upon its return but was also in serious financial trouble, and so in 1905, Discovery was sold to the Hudson's Bay Company for 10,000 (a fifth of her original build cost) which used her as a cargo vessel between London and Hudson Bay, Canada. Then, in preparation for the winter, he anchored in McMurdo Sound in a bay sheltered from the prevailing west wind by the Hut Point Peninsula. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. Hoffmann served as the ship's captain until 1942. H. L. Hunley (submarine [48] The engine room crews managed to restart the first turbine at 15:49, nearly twenty minutes after the mine explosion. The work was still frequently interrupted by gales and storms, which brought many large icebergs and floes around the ship. With limited time between the ship's launch and her departure for Antarctica there was limited time for sea trials. Plans to replace these weapons with six 38cm (15in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never carried out. The expedition would be the joint responsibility of Britain, Australia and New Zealand, thus becoming the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, frequently abbreviated to BANZARE. Previously it was thought these had been scrapped to provide material for the war effort, but in 2016 a 1943 advert by a salvage firm was found offering the entire contents of the engine room for sale as a single lot, suggesting the equipment was removed for reuse although its ultimate fate is unknown. On 4 January, the ship reached Kemp Land, confirming its presence as it had been unseen since its initial discovery in the 1830s. Shackleton described the ship as a bad sailer, carrying too much sail aft and not enough forward while Scott also worried that the design of the ship's hull was unsuitable for work in pack ice. The total cost for the Discovery was 51,000, equivalent to 4.1m in modern currency. HMS Ark Royal (pennant number 91) was an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy that was operated during the Second World War.. The Luftwaffe had been seriously weakened by four long years of war, and increasing Allied anti-submarine capabilities were steadily degrading the effectiveness of the U-boats. The German force quickly fled north before using inclement weather to make the dash south through the North Sea. The outer hull was formed from two layers one 6inches (15.2cm) thick and an outer skin some 5inches (12.7cm) thick. USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class environmental research ship, attached to Navy intelligence as a spy ship, which was attacked and captured by North Korean forces on 23 January 1968, in what was later known as the "Pueblo incident" or alternatively, as the "Pueblo crisis".. [17], She was then assigned to the forces participating in Operation Weserbung, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Much of her equipment was also untested, so the long voyage to New Zealand, made via Madeira and Cape Town, would also be the new vessel's shakedown cruise. [43] By 13:00, the ships had cleared the Strait of Dover; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with Spitfire escort, attacked the Germans. Her legal owners were the Royal Geographical Society the president of which, Sir Clements Markham, was a member of the Royal Harwich Yacht Club Discovery was thus registered as a private sailing yacht of the RHYC and carried the official name and prefix 'S.Y. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. In this time she served as the yacht of the RGS during Cowes Week and was toured by several dignitaries, culminating in a visit by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra on 5 August. Scharnhorst fired a salvo from turret Caesar before turning and increasing speed to disengage from the cruisers. The RAF had planned a large, complicated raid on the capital ships in Brest for the night[citation needed] of 24 July, but an aerial reconnaissance photograph [1] Archived 10 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine of Scharnhorst in her berth at La Pallice caused a last minute alteration to the operation. The seizure of the U.S. Navy ship and her 83 crew members, one of whom was killed Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster [31], Ltjens then decided to move to a new area, as the surviving members of the dispersed convoy had sent distress signals. [63] At 08:40, Belfast picked up Scharnhorst on her radar. The Expedition was able to determine that Antarctica was indeed a continent, and they were able to relocate the Southern Magnetic Pole. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. [38][39][40], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. [42], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). The two ships were forced to put into port during the storm: Scharnhorst went to Gotenhafen while Gneisenau went to Kiel for repairs. The Discovery's unusual rounded, overhanging stern (one of the main changes from the original Bloodhound design) not only provided more protection for the rudder but also prevented all but the largest following seas breaking over the back of the ship and kept the decks dry, although the stern was prone to 'slamming' into waves, making the officers' accommodation and wardroom noisy. From the 1912 season Discovery and the other HBC ship, the Pelican, were replaced by a brand new and much larger steam-powered icebreaker, the Nascopie, and the vessel was laid up in London. [69], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. The ship has a massively built wooden hull designed to withstand being frozen into pack ice and resist crushing. WebAs Russia wages war, car sales plummet and Putin seeks a fix The cruiser opened fire three minutes later, followed by Norfolk two minutes after. The ship's propulsion system was rated for a top speed of 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) the minesweepers were detached and the two raiders and their destroyer escorts continued north. On 8 February Discovery was surrounded by pack ice on all sides. The committee responsible for the ship's construction offered a separate tender for her boilers, engine and auxiliary machinery in an effort to reduce costs. The United States Navy has 11 large nuclear-powered fleet carrierscarrying around 80 fighters eachthe largest carriers in the world; the total combined deck space is over twice that of all other nations combined. Scott attempted to round Hut Point in the teeth of the gale at 11am on a slight ebb tide but the ship grounded on an uncharted shoal. Ltjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. [8] She was kept at a mooring in the centre of London on the Victoria Embankment near Westminster Bridge. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during Operation Rheinbung, the sortie by the new battleship Bismarck in May 1941. Severe weather meant that Mawson had to abandon his plans for a cruise to Queen Mary Land and instead Discovery carried out a month of biological and oceanographic work in the waters around the islands until she headed for Australia, reaching Adelaide on 1 April 1930. [5] In 1960, following reforms to the reserve forces, HMS Discovery became part of the newly unified Royal Naval Reserve and was the flagship of the Admiral Commanding, Reserves, thus becoming one of only two sailing ships to fly the White Ensign and an Admiral's flag during the 20th century along with HMSVictory. Without a full crew available and short of time neither her builders nor Scott were able to test her performance or handling under sail. At 05:18, the British battlecruiser shifted fire to Scharnhorst, which maneuvered to avoid the falling shells. The ship also features on the crest of the coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory. At 16:50, Duke of York opened fire at a range of 11,000m (12,000yd); Scharnhorst quickly returned the fire. Another land expedition was organised over the spring of 1903, with Scott again confident that a second summer would allow Discovery to leave the Sound. At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15cm gun turrets and destroyed them both. As well as the aircraft carrier fleet, the US WebUN News produces daily news content in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Kiswahili, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish, and weekly programmes in Hindi, Urdu and Bangla. [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. She is listed as part of the National Historic Fleet. A second rudder and spare propeller blades were carried, and the ship could be steered by use of her sails if her rudder or steering gear was completely disabled. WebUSS George Washington (CVN-73) is a United States Navy nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the sixth carrier in the Nimitz class and the fourth US Navy ship named after George Washington, Founding Father, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States.The contract for The twelve scientists, including zoologists, biologists, an ornithologist, a cartographer and a hydrologist, as well as veteran Antarctic photographer Frank Hurley, also joined the ship here. The power outage disabled the emergency shut-off switches to the boilers and turbines, which could not be turned off until power was restored. The ship was put in dry dock for the first time at Lyttelton and the carpenter, Frederick Dailey, prepared a lengthy report detailing the numerous empty bolt holes and slack hull fittings he found. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. Scharnhorst returned to Germany, and was repaired at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. [62], An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening Scharnhorst, which remained 10nmi (19km; 12mi) behind. During the southern winter the ship travelled down the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, carrying out surveys to draw and correct nautical charts. The ship was wrecked on the Nore sandbank in the Thames Estuary, near Sheerness, Kent, England, in August 1944, while carrying a cargo of munitions.About 1,400 tonnes (1,500 The second torpedo hit the ship on the port side and caused some minor flooding, and the third struck toward the rear of the ship and damaged the port propeller shaft. Work was conducted in a floating dry dock and lasted until July 1942. She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). Admiral Wilhelm Marschall, aboard Gneisenau, ordered Scharnhorst to pick up survivors. For the next season of work Discovery was joined by the British government's brand new purpose-built research steamer, the RRS William Scoresby. Between January 1917 and March 1918 Discovery carried cargo along the French coast of the Bay of Biscay between Brest and Bayonne. U.S. appeals court says CFPB funding is unconstitutional - Protocol Later that day, at around 14:30, the three ships came under attack by a force of British bombers, which failed to make any hits. Discovery'. WebUSS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class environmental research ship, attached to Navy intelligence as a spy ship, which was attacked and captured by North Korean forces on 23 January 1968, in what was later known as the "Pueblo incident" or alternatively, as the "Pueblo crisis".. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. London on the port side to determine that Antarctica was indeed a continent, and was at... Starboard turbine, which never took place a salvo from turret Caesar before turning and increasing speed be... To Kiel for repairs found to be increased to 14 knots ( 26km/h 16mph! 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